Nyuma y’1994, ingabo zari zigize APR, inyeshyamba za FPR-Inkotanyi, zafashe igihugu maze zishyiraho umutwe w’ingabo wari ugizwe ahanini n’abasirikare batakandagiye mu ishuri, icyabo kikaba kwica, kwiba no kumenesha uwo batungiwe agatoki wese, hatitawe ku cyo ashinjwa n’ukimushinja.
Kuko zitari zishoboye kwitekerereza, hadutse imvugo igira iti “Afande anapanga”, bivuze ngo “umuyobozi aratekereza, abasirikare bagashyira mu bikorwa nta kubitekerezaho”. Iyi mvugo yazanye n’indi ngo “kitendo kwanza, complain baadaye”. Bivuze ngo niba bakubwiye nko kwica umuntu w’inzirakarengane, banze umwice, ubundi uze kubaza icyo wamwiciye nyuma.
N’ubwo izi ngabo zagiye zivanga n’izari zaratsinzwe (Ex-FAR), hakanashyirwamo abari barize noneho, wa muco wa humiriza nkuyobore zatojwe kuva zabaho, aho nta musirikare muto wari wemerewe gutekereza igihe hari umukuriye. Ibi rero nta kabuza byo gukora ibintu, n’iyo byaba bibi utabanje gutekereza, nta handi byari kugeza u Rwanda uretse mu rwobo rubi rutigeze kubaho, warakomeje. Ababirebera hafi badukanye imvugo igira iti “Inzirabwoba za Habyarimana zasimbuwe n’Inzirabwenge za Kagame”. Abandi bakavuga ko icyahindutse ari “ururimi” gusa, ibindi ari fotokopi.
Izi ngabo rero zafashe igihugu ku ruhembe rw’umuheto zakomeje kwivuga ibigwi ko zahagaritse Jenoside, ko zabohoye u Rwanda n’abanyarwanda, ko zazanye Demokarasi n’ibindi byinshi utarondora.
Muri iyi nyandiko tugiye kurebera hamwe ukuntu aba basirikare ba FPR babeshywe ko babohoye u Rwanda nyamara bo bagakomeza kubohwa.
- IMIKORERE, IMITERERE N’INZEGO ZA GISIRIKARE BIRABABOSHYE
Mu rwego rwo “kuboha” neza abasirikare ba FPR, bashyiriweho amategeko akarishye kandi ateye ubwoba ku buryo buri wese uyasomye ahinda umushyitsi bitewe n’ibiyakubiyemo.
Hashyizweho “Itegeko N°10/2011 ryo ku wa 13/05/2011 rigena Inshingano, Imiterere n’Ububasha by’Ingabo z’u Rwanda” rigizwe n’ingingo 29 zihahamura abasirikare ndetse n’ “Iteka rya Perezida w’u Rwanda No 33/01 ryo ku wa 03/09/2012 rigena Imiterere n’Inshingano zihariye bya buri cyiciro mu bigize Ingabo z’u Rwanda” rigizwe n’ingingo 53 zishingiye ku Iterabwoba. Aya mategeko yose yafungiye abasirikare mu kabati, urufunguzo bararujugunya.
Ubundi abazi iby’amategeko n’uko arutana (Hiérarchie des Lois) bazi neza ko Iteka rya Perezida riri munsi y’Itegeko risanzwe, rikarishingiraho ariko ritarivuguruza. Ni ukuvuga ko nta ngingo n’imwe y’Iteka rya Perezida igomba kuvuguruza Itegeko, kuko yose aba ashingiye ku Itegeko Nshinga ari naryo risumba ayandi yose mu gihugu. Ariko aya y’abasirikare yo ntasanzwe.
Itegeko kimwe n’Iteka rya Perezida yose asinywa na Perezida wa Repubulika afatanyije na Minisitiri w’Intebe, akakirwa ndetse agashyirwaho ikirango cya Repubulika na Minisitiri w’Ubutabera. Aha rero ntibyumvikana ukuntu Abaminisitiri b’Intebe babiri, Bernard Makuza wasinye ku Itegeko na Pierre Damien Habumuremyi wasinye ku Iteka rya Perezida, ku birebana n’ingabo, bavuguruzanyije bigatuma Iteka rya Perezida rijya hejuru y’Itegeko, kandi bitabaho.
Igisobanuro kiroroshye: aba Baminisitiri b’Intebe bose bagabirwa imyanya na Perezida wa Repubulika kuko bemeye ko ari Abahutu badafite icyo bishe n’icyo bakijije. Iyo bamaze kugera mu nshingano bahatirwa gusinya ibije byose batitaye ku ngaruka bizagira ku bagenerwabikorwa. Uku rero ni ko abasirikare ba FPR bisanze baboheye mu iterabwoba ryo kwitandukanya n’ubwenge ahubwo bagakora gusa icyo “Afande” avuze, n’iyo cyaba gikocamye cyangwa kizagira ingaruka mbi.
Urugero rworoshye twavuga ni uko “nta musirikare umenya igihe azamara muri iryo bohero”. Ubundi mu gisirikare cy’umwuga, umusirikare aba agomba gusinya contrat y’imyaka runaka, akagenda ayongererwa biturutse ku bushake bwe, ariko mu gisirikare cya Kagame uyu ni umugani. Uwinjiye ahita ashyirwa ku gitutu ko akinishije kuvamo yakwicwa cyangwa agafungwa burundu, ndetse akanabirahirira, ndetse akiyemeza kuzinukwa amahitamo ye harimo n’ay’ibanze nk’arebana n’ubukungu bwe ku giti cye cyangwa mu muryango we. Ntaba akiri uwe ngo yigenge, ahubwo bose bahindutse imbata za Kagame.
Nyamara Ingingo ya 21 y’ “Iteka rya Perezida Nº 044/01 ryo ku wa 14/02/2020 rishyiraho Sitati yihariye y’ingabo z’u Rwanda” igena ko “Abasuzofisiye bato n’abasirikare bato bagengwa n’amasezerano y’umurimo bagirana na Minisitiri. Amasezerano y’umurimo agira agaciro mu gihe kingana n’imyaka icumi (10) ishobora kongerwaho igihe kingana n’imyaka itanu (5)”.
Ibi rero ntibyigeze bishyirwa mu bikorwa kuko iri Teka rya Perezida ryashyizweho mu mwaka wa 2020 rigomba gutangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa nyuma y’umwaka warangiye mu kwezi kwa 02/2021 ariko amezi abaye atanu nta kanunu ko gusinya contrats na Minisitiri w’Ingabo. Bikagaragaza ko abasirikare ba FPR bakiboshye n’ubwo ababayobora birirwa baririmba ko bibohoye, babohoye u Rwanda n’ibindi.
Abasesenguzi bategerezanyije igishyika ibizaba bikubiye mu masezerano y’akazi (contrat de travail) abasirikare bazasinyana na Minisitiri nawe utayafite. Ibi rero nta kindi bigamije uretse gukomeza kuboha abasirikare no kubahatira guhora bateze amashyi ibyo bagenerwa n’umwicanyi ruharwa, kandi nabyo bikaba ari intica ntikize. Ibi bishyira mu bwoba abasirikare bose baba abato n’abakuru. Ubirebera hafi yibaza amaherezo ya kino gisirikare bikamuyobera, kuko uretse n’abasirikare bato, n’abakuru ntibaba bazi ikigiye gukurikiraho. Baba basabwa gusa gushyira mu bikorwa amategeko n’amabwiriza bahabwa.
- AMAHITAMO MU BUKUNGU KU MUSIRIKARE ARAMUBOSHYE
Nta hantu na hamwe hagaragara, mu mategeko agenga igisirikare cya Kagame, Banki umusirikare agomba guhemberwamo. Nyamara mu rwego rwo kuboha abasirikare byeruye no kubagira ingaruzwamuheto, bose bahatirwa kunyuza amafaranga muri Banki, yashyizweho n’ibikomerezwa biri hafi ya Kagame, yitwa Credit and Savings Society (CSS). Ibi rero ni agahomamunwa kuko ubundi muri Sosiyete cyangwa Koperative, abanyamuryango bose baba bagomba kugira imigabane ingana ndetse bakazagabana inyungu ku buryo bungana, nyamara CSS ni Banki y’ubucuruzi yashyizweho n’agatsiko k’abantu bakeya, bayibonamo inyungu z’umurengera, abasirikare bagatungwa n ’utwo basigarijwe n’ibyo bikomerezwa (exploitation de l’homme par l’homme). Nyamara ntibita ku mushahara w’intica ntikize nawo ubaboshye!!!
Nta musirikare n’umwe wahirahira ngo afunguze konti mu yindi banki. Ibi bituma umutungo w’umusirikare uba uzwi n’ubishaka wese kuko iyo agiye guhembwa bakamubaza bati “tuguhe angahe?” ahita asubiza ngo “yose!”, nyamara ugasanga atarenze 10,000 Frw kuko baba baramukase inguzanyo yahatiwe gufata, ayo kwivuza, amafaranga yo gufasha ikipe ya APR FC, umusanzu wa FPR n’ibindi n’ibindi. Harya ubu uyu musirikare azizigamira anateganyirize amashuri y’abana be ate? Araboshye!!
- IZAMURWA MU NTERA NO MU MAPETI BIRABABOSHYE
Ibisirikare byose ku isi bigira uburyo umusirikare ashobora kuzamurwa mu ntera, agahabwa amapeti y’isumbuye cyangwa izindi nshingano. Muri rusange habaho uburyo bubiri (2) bwo kuzamura mu mapeti abasirikare: ubwa mbere ni ukubazamura bitewe n’igihe runaka bamazemo (gradation temporelle). Ubwa kabiri, ari nabwo bukoreshwa mu Rwanda, ni ukubazamura bitunguranye (gradation occasionnelle).
Ubu buryo rero bwa kabiri bushingira ku byo umusirikare yakoze ku giti cye cyangwa hamwe n’abandi, bigatuma ababayobora babatangira raporo yo kuzamurwa. Birumvikana ko abazamurwa baba ari bake cyane, kandi nabwo bigaterwa n’uko ubanye na “Afande direct” wawe. Iyo mubanye nabi ushobora kuzasazira kuri Private cyangwa Corporal abo mwinjiriye rimwe barabaye ba Colonel na ba General.
Ibi rero byo kubaho umusirikare atazi igihe cya nyacyo azazamurirwa bimubohera muri iki gisirikare cy’umwicanyi wabigize umwuga, kabone n’iyo yapfa, azapfa akiboshye!!!
- UMUSIRIKARE USEZEREWE AGENERWA IKI? ABAHO ATE?
Mu Itegeko n’Iteka rya Perezida bigenga abasirikare twavuze haruguru, nta na hamwe bavuga ko umusirikare usezerewe hari icyo ahabwa. Ingingo ya 21 y’Itegeko ryavuzwe haruguru igena “Komite y’imyitwarire mu ngabo”. Nyamara nta na rimwe harumvikana umusirikare yirukanye cyangwa yarenganuye. Umusirikare utishimiwe na FPR asezererwa nta nteguza nta n’imperekeza, ubuzima bwe bukarangirira muri gereza cyangwa mu buzima bubi bukabije, kuko nta kindi aba yaratojwe uretse kwica kugeza no ku batariho urubanza. Arinda asezererwa akiboshye agakomeza kubohwa kugeza apfuye.
Kuko aba yarabayeho mu bwoba bukomeye, iyo ageze hanze ntabasha kubana n’abandi. Usanga yarahisemo kuba “icyihebe” cyangwa akiyahuza ibiyobyabwenge, ngo arebe ko yabona ibitotsi.
Kubera rero gutinya imibereho mibi ya nyuma y’igisirikare, usanga nta musirikare n’umwe uba akitekerezaho, ahubwo baba barabaye ibihahamuke, biteguye kwica no kugirira nabi uwo bategekwa wese. Ibi bituma babaho baboheye mu bwoba, ntibajya bishima na rimwe, baba barapfuye bahagaze.
Hari n’abasezererwa bagashyirwa mu Nkeragutabara. Izi nizo zihora zihabwa amasoko ya FPR haba mu bwubatsi cyangwa mu bindi bikorwa, zigahora zishwana n’abaturage zabambuye mu buryo bw’uburiganya, cyangwa zarabahohoteye mu bundi buryo. Izi nazo ziracyaboshye muri 2021!!!
5. UMUSIRIKARE UMUGAYE BURUNDU CYANGWA USHAJE BIGENDA BITE?
Na none, muri ya mategeko abagenga twavuze haruguru, nta na hamwe bateganya imibereho y’umusirikare umugaye burundu cyangwa usaziye mu kazi. Sitati yihariye ibiteganya ntirashyirwa mu ngiro. Iyo umusirikare yisanze muri iki cyiciro ashyirwa ku rutonde, akajyanwa mu nkambi y’iterabwoba, akababazwa ku buryo asubira mu buzima busanzwe adashobora kugira icyo yimarira.
Hagiye habaho inyigisho zo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe abasirikare bavuye ku rugerero, ndetse abayarangije bagahabwa imperekeza y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi hagati y’100 na 250. Nyamara ibi byaje guhagarara kuko amafaranga babahaga bayanyweraga urwagwa n’ikigage mu minsi mike, bakajya kuba imizigo ku miryango yabo, nayo itishoboye. Aba ni benshi baboheye mu byaro.
Bitewe n’icyiciro umusirikare aba agezemo iyo amugaye burundu cyangwa agiye mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru ashobora kugenerwa pension ibarwa, muri RSSB, hakurikijwe amezi 36 cyangwa 60 ya nyuma yakoze bitewe n’aho yabonaga umushahara mbumbe mwinshi. Gusa iyi pension usanga uko ibarwa ari amafaranga make cyane abarirwa hagati y’5000 Frw n’10,000 Frw ku basirikare bato, abandi bigaterwa n’amapeti bari bagezeho. Amafaranga y’abagiye mu zabukuru nayo ashingira ku mapeti.
Iyi mibereho iteye ubwoba abasirikare babamo iyo bakivuyemo neza niyo ibaboheramo ku buryo hari ubona atagishoboye gukora ibyo bamusaba, agahitamo kwiyahura, agapfa nk’imbwa. Aba akiboshye!!!
- UMUSIRIKARE UGUYE KU RUGAMBA BIGENDA BITE?
Umusirikare upfiriye mu Rwanda
Iyo umusirikare apfuye akiri mu kazi mu Rwanda, inkuru ihita imenyeshwa umuryango we ukaza gutwara umurambo iyo ubishoboye. Iyo umuryango we utifashije, wumva iyo nkuru, ukarira ukihanagura, umurambo ugahita ujyanwa mu bitaro bya Kanombe, aho ubanza gukurwamo ingingo zikiri nzima, igipampara gisigaye kikazashyingurwa n’abandi basirikare mu buryo bugayitse cyane.
Hari igihe aba ari umusirikare ukomeye mu gatsiko. Icyo gihe abasirikare bahatirwa kumuherekeza, ndetse bakamuha icyubahiro, barasira ku mva ye. Nyamara se umuryango we uhabwa iki? Ntacyo akenshi na kenshi ku basirikare bato!!! Abakuru bagenerwa bitewe n’uko ba Afande baramutse.
Umusirikare uguye mu butumwa mu mahanga
Muri iki gihe u Rwanda rufite ingabo hirya no hino mu bihugu by’amahanga, aho abasirikare baba baragiye mu butumwa bw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye (ONU), ubw’Umuryango w’Afrika yunze Ubumwe (AU) cyangwa bakajyanwa gutera ibindi bihugu rwihishwa nk’uko bimeze uyu munsi muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo n’ahandi. Abo baba barwana ntibarasa amashaza, hari abahapfira.
Umusirikare rero uguye mu mahanga ashyingurwa cyangwa abo asize bakagira icyo bagenerwa bitewe n’icyamujyanye mu ari ayo mahanga. Nta yandi mahitamo umusirikare aba afite kuko aba aboheye ahantu hamwe adashobora gusaza imigeri ngo ahitemo kujya aha cyangwa kuhareka. Ahubwo usanga bamwe banabirwanira kuko baba bakeka ko nibagera muri ayo mahanga baziba bakagira icyo babasha kwizigamira kizabatunga igihe bazaba basutswe hanze nk’ingegera. Banabitangira ruswa ngo bagende!
Umusirikare wagiye mu butumwa bw’ibanga
Ni kenshi cyane hagiye humvikana abasirikare bajya mu butumwa hanze y’u Rwanda ku nyungu z’agatsiko kaba kazoherejeyo. Iyo rero umusirikare aguyeyo, abasigaye bamuhamba mu ibanga rikomeye, ibye bikaba birangiriye aho. Birumvikana ko abo mu muryango we bategereza amaso akazahera mu kirere. Bakazategereza kuzumva amakuru ye bayabwiwe n’uwo bari kumwe, nawe uyabaha mu ibanga rikomeye, kuko iyo bimenyekanye aricwa. Ibi bibohera abasirikare mu gisirikare mu rwego rwo kurinda imiryango yabo kwicwa no kubuzwa uburyo mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose.
Umusirikare wagiye mu butumwa buzwi
Umusirikare wagiye mu butumwa buzwi, bwaba ubwa UN cyangwa AU, ugize ibyago agapfira mu gihugu cy’amahanga afatwa nk’intwari ku buryo bwo hejuru, ku buryo wibaza urukundo u Rwanda ruhita rumukunda ukayoberwa aho ruturutse. Ntibiba bisanzwe iyo ubonye uko mwene aba bashyingurwa.
Ibi rero nta kindi kibitera ni uko iyi miryango mpuzamahanga iba yahaye Leta y’u Rwanda amafaranga atagira ingano. Ariko se umuryango we uba waramuretse ngo ajye gupfira iyo batazi wo ugenerwa iki?
Muri rusange umusirikare aba ashobora gupfa bitewe n’intambara yashowemo na Leta cyangwa akicwa n’izindi mpamvu zitamuturutseho nk’uburwayi cyangwa ibindi biza bisanzwe n’impanuka.
Icyo gihe umuryango w’umusirikare ugenerwa amafaranga yo kuwuyagira no kuwufata mu mugongo ariko aba ari agatonyanga mu nyanja ugereranyije n’ayo ya miryango iba yatanze, akaburirwa irengero.
Urugero twavuga, umusirikare muzima uvuye mu butumwa bwa UN agahabwa ishimwe ringana na $1000 aba agomba gutwara $600 andi $400 agahabwa agatsiko karangajwe imbere na Gen. James Kabarebe, amarengero yayo nta wujya uyamenya. Ayo mafaranga kandi anyuzwa muri CSS agakatwa imisoro ishyirwaho na ka gatsiko kayishinze, ku buryo n’ubundi agera ku musirikare aba ari make cyane.
Aha twahita twumva neza ingano y’amafaranga azagera ku muryango mu rwego rwo kuwuyagira. Nyamara abasirikare usanga baboheye muri urwo ruziga rwo kurwanira kujya hanze, kuko baba bumva n’utwo duke bagumye mu Rwanda batatubona. Aha rero bigaragara neza ko baboshye kuko n’ubwo haba ahari uteganya kurwara, iyo bavuze kujya hanze arabisubika! Akabi gasekwa nk’akeza!!!
Mu gihe mu bitangazamakuru byinshi, haba mu Rwanda no mu mahanga, nta kindi birimo kuvuga uretse isabukuru ya 27 bavuga ko bamaze babohoye u Rwanda, hakwiye gutekerezwa ukuntu aba basirikare ba FPR nabo babohorwa kuko bigaragara ko ibikibaboshye ari byinshi cyane.
Kubabohora ntibyoroshye, bo ubwabo batabigizemo uruhare. Ntibyumvikana ukuntu umusirikare uzi icyo akora, akamenya aho agana n’aho aganisha igihugu, yakomeza kuboherwa ahantu we ubwe yakwivana, akoresheje intwaro zavuye mu misoro y’abaturage.
Abasirikare iyo bava bakagera, uhereye ku mukuru kugeza ku muto, bakwiye guhumuka amaso bakabona ko FPR yababoheye ahantu hatabakwiriye maze bagafata iya mbere mu kuhivana.
Nta kindi cyaca ingoyi zikiboshye abasirikare, ndetse n’abaturage, uretse guhagurukira rimwe hakabanza kubaho kumenya gutandukanya izo ngoyi zose zibaboshye, maze bakazicagagura imwe ku yindi, maze u Rwanda rukagera ku mahoro arambye, aho umusirikare cyangwa umusivili, babaho mu gihugu giha agaciro ubutabera, ubwisanzure n’uburenganzira bwa Muntu. Nta kabuza umunsi izi ngoyi zacitse, tuzabona u Rwanda rufite abaturage bishimye kandi biteza imbere mu mibereho myiza no mu bukungu. Aha nibwo tuzagira icyizere cy’Iterambere rirambye. Nyamara se FPR irabishaka cyangwa irashaka kuduheza mu icuraburindi rya humiriza nkuyobore?
U Rwanda twifuza rwaba kimwe n’ibindi bihugu byinshi ku isi birindwa n’ingabo ziba ziratojwe, zigahabwa ubuhanga bwo kurinda ubusugire bw’igihugu. Buri gihe indangagaciro z’ingabo zigomba gushingira ku gukunda igihugu no kucyitangira, muri iki gihe izo ndangagaciro ziratanye aho zikorera inyungu z’umuntu umwe cyangwa agatsiko, wa muntu yagenda akajyana n’ibye byose. Icyo gihe igihugu kiba gihombye kabiri kuko kiba gihombye abantu kigahomba n’imari itarondoreka yagendeye mu kubaha ubumenyi.