Yanditswe na Remezo Rodriguez
Ni kenshi cyane humvikana mu binyamakuru ko Perezida w’u Rwanda, Paul Kagame, yagabiye inka abanyamahanga cyangwa akabagabira ubutaka, ubundi ukumva ngo yatanze inkunga yo kurwanya ibyihebe mu bihugu bya Sahel, n’ahandi; nyamara ibyo byose akabikora atitaye ku ruhuri rw’ibibazo byugarije abana mu gihugu cye, kandi aribo bakabaye bazamurwa nk’icyizere cyo kubaho cy’u Rwanda rw’ejo hazaza, bigacira aho.
Muri iki cyegeranyo gito twafafashishije imibare itangazwa na Leta ku ruhuri rw’ibibazo byugarije abana kugira ngo tubereke uko ubutegetsi bw’agatsiko ka FPR budashakira ineza u Rwanda rw’ahazaza, kuko buramutse buha agaciro ahazaza h’igihugu hagakwiye kuba hibandwa ku kuzamura abana bakiri bato, kugira ngo bakure barindwa ingorane n’uruhuri rw’ibibazo bahura nabyo, kandi ibyinshi ugasanga bishingiye ku miyoborere mibi iganisha ku kwikungahaza kwa FPR gusa binyuze mu gusahura igihugu no gukenesha abagituye ku maherere. Imibare y’ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi buheruka igaragaza ko abana miliyoni 3.9 bahwanye na 67% by’abana bose ari bo babana n’ababyeyi bombi, nabo bagizwe na benshi batishoboye, mu gihe abasaga miliyoni 1.1, bangana na 20.2% babana na ba Nyina gusa nabo batishoboye, bashowe mu bukene n’ubutegetsi bw’igitugu.
Iyi mibare itangazwa n’ubutegetsi, n’ubwo imyinshi iba ari imitekinikano, igenda igira ingaruka ku buzima bw’umwana mu buryo butandukanye, akaba ari yo mpamvu nk’Abaryankuna, biyemeje gukubitira ikinyoma ahakubuye, tugiye kubasesengurira zimwe mu ngaruka abana bahura nazo bitewe no gutereranwa na Leta.
Mu ibarura ryabaye mu 2022, byagaragaye ko mu Banyarwanda uko bari miliyoni 13.2, miliyoni 5.8 zingana na 44.5% by’abaturage bose, ari abana bafite munsi y’imyaka 18. Muri abo bana, 49.97% ni abakobwa, mu gihe abahungu bangana na 50.03%. Igice kinini cy’aba bana cyiganje mu byaro (46.1%) ugereranyije no mu mijyi (40.5%). Ni icyiciro kigaragazwa nk’igikwiye kwitabwaho mu buryo bw’umwihariko kubera ijanisha gifite ku mubare w’abaturage bose ndetse kikaba ari cyo kigize ahazaza h’igihugu n’iterambere ry’ubukungu bwacyo, ariko ubutegetsi bw’igisuti bwa FPR bwakigezeho busya butanzitse, ndetse bigera ku rwego rusa neza neza na jenoside, kuko iyo urebye uburyo abana bagenda bagirwa ibihindugembe usanga nta kundi wabyita.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko abana biyongereye cyane bava kuri miliyoni 2.5 mu 1978 bagera kuri miliyoni 5.8 mu 2022, ariko uko biyongera ni nako ibibazo bahura nabyo byagiye byiyongera, cyane cyane muri iyi myaka 29 FPR imaze ku butegetsi, kuko iyo urebye ibibazo umwana wo mu 2000 yari afite byikubye kenshi cyane ugereranyije n’ibyo umwana w’uyu munsi ahura nabyo, byose bikaba bihagarikiwe na Leta.
Ku isonga ry’uruhuri rw’ibibazo byugarije abana hagaragara abana benshi baterwa inda bakiri bato bikabangiriza ubuzima bw’ahazaza. Abashakashatsi bagaragaza ko kubyara imburagihe bigira ingaruka ku buzima bw’umwana ndetse n’uwo abyaye nyamara byakomeje kubaho ubutegetsi bwa FPR burebera. Mu batera inda aba bana habamo n’abantu bakuze, bakabaye babagira inama cyangwa bakabafasha mu buzima bwa buri munsi.
Igiteye agahinda no kwiheba ni uko ubu bushakashatsi bukomeza buti: “Ku rwego rw’igihugu, habonetse abana 9,064 b’abakobwa bafite hagati y’imyaka 12–17 babyaye bangana hafi na 1% by’abakobwa bose bafite imyaka hagati ya 12-17.” Abo ni abagaragaye mu gihe ubu bushakashatsi bwakorwaga gusa, si ukuvuga ko ari abo byabayeho bose mu buzima bwabo mu Rwanda. Ku rundi ruhande, imibare y’ababyaye kugeza ku myaka 12 igaragaza ko umukobwa umwe muri 400 ari we wabyaye mu gihe ku bagejeje ku myaka 17, ari umwe muri 75. Iyi rero ni imibare iteye ubwoba kuko bikomeje gutya nta Rwanda rw’ahazaza rwakwitegwa, mu gihe ubutegetsi bwa FPR bwo bwumva ahubwo ikiri mike, ahubwo ikeneye kongerwa.
Bikunze kandi kugaragara ko abana benshi bavutswa uburenganzira bwabo bwo kwandikishwa, bityo kubateganyiriza, nk’igihugu bikaba bitagishobotse. Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko mu Rwanda, nibura 5.7% by’abana batanditse mu irangamimerere. Ni ukuvuga ko batanateganyirizwa mu igenamigambi ry’igihugu kuko ntaho bagaragara mu bitabo bya Leta, na cyane ko iryo genamigambi naryo riba rishingiye ku nyungu za FPR. Imibare yavuye mu bushakashatsi twavuze haruguru igaragaza kandi ko nibura 91.3% by’abana bose bagifite ababyeyi bombi, 6% bapfushije ba Se gusa, 1.9% bangana n’abana 112,665 bapfushije ba Nyina gusa, naho abangana na 0.8% bangana n’abana 45,637 bapfushije ababyeyi bombi. Ku bagifite ababyeyi, iyo mibare ikomeza igaragaza ko muri rusange 67% by’abana bose bahwanye na miliyoni 3.9 babana n’ababyeyi bombi, naho 20.2% bangana n’abana miliyoni 1.1 babana na ba Nyina gusa, n’ubwo ba Se baba bakiriho, bafunzwe cyangwa barapfuye, ugereranyije n’abana 156,534 babana na ba Se gusa, barimo abenshi batishoboye.
Ingaruka ya mbere ihita iva ku mibare y’izi mfubyi ni abana bayoboye ingo (enfants chefs de ménage-ECM), ku buryo imibare yabo ikomeza gukura ubutitsa kandi bikagirwamo uruhare na Leta. Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko mu 2022 hari ingo 5,675 ziyobowe n’abana bafite hagati y’imyaka 12-17, bingana n’urugo rumwe mu 1,100 mu Rwanda. Mu bayoboye izo ngo, nibura bibiri bya gatatu ni abana b’abahungu.
Iyi mibare kandi igaragaza ko hakiri abana benshi bacikiza amashuri, abandi ntibayageremo na rimwe, ukibaza rero aho igihugu kiganishwa ugasanga ntaho. Muri rusange, iyi mibare yerekana ko abana bafite hagati y’imyaka 3 na 17, nibura 75.3% bagana ishuri. Abarivuyemo ni 9.7%, mu gihe 15% batigeze barikandagiramo. Usanga mu bana bitabira ishuri mu mashuri abanza no mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’ayisumbuye abakobwa ari bo benshi, ariko iyo bigiye hejuru birahinduka kuko bamwe mu bakobwa baba batewe inda, abandi bakajya kurera abo bavukana, bakabaho batunzwe no gutoragura ibyo abandi bataye kugira ngo barebe ko barenza umunsi.
Ikindi kibazo cyugarije abana mu Rwanda ni ubumuga. Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko nibura 1.8 % by’abana bose, bagera ku 77,479, bafite ubumuga ubwo ari bwo bwose. Ubumuga bwagaragaye cyane ni ubwo kutabona (29,409) no kutavuga (17,852), abarenga 80.6% bakaba batiga kuko nta gahunda ihamwe ihari yo kwigisha abana bafite ubumuga. Ikibazo cyo kutiga nticyihariwe n’abafite ubumuga gusa kuko n’abazima higa ngerere, abagera kuri 64.2%, kandi nabo bagahabwa uburezi budafite ireme ku buryo ntacyo babasha kwimarira. Aha rero niho hagaragarira ko FPR ikora nk’abacancuro, ikaba ntaho iganisha u Rwanda mu hazaza.
Nyamara aho kwita ku bibazo u Rwanda rw’ahazaza rufite, FPR irangwa no kwigizaho imitungo ya rubanda, ubundi ukumva ngo Perezida Kagame yagabiye inka abanyamahanga, kandi izo nka ziba zavuye mu mutungo wa rubanda, ari zo zakabaye zikamirwa aba bana bugarijwe n’uruhuri rw’ibibazo, kugira ngo babashe kubaho. Inkuru iheruka kubica bigacika mu itangazamakuru ni iy’uko, mu buryo butunguranye Perezida Kagame yasuwe na mugenzi we wa Mozambique, Felipe Nyusi, amutembereza mu rwuri rwe ndetse amugabira inyambo. Ni amakuru yatangajwe na Village Urugwiro, kuri uyu wa Gatandatu, tariki 29/07/2023, ariko impamvu y’uru ruzinduko ndetse n’ibyo aba baperezida bombi baganiriye byagizwe ibanga.
Perezida Nyusi yaherukaga mu Rwanda muri Gashyantare 2022, nyuma y’amezi 10 na Kagame asura Mozambique, none nyuma y’andi mezi 9, uwa Mozambique agarutse i Kigali rwihishwa gucyeza shebuja wamuhaye, muri Nyakanga 2021, abasirikare n’abapolisi bo kumufasha guhangana n’umutwe w’iterabwoba wa Al Sunnah wa Jama’ah wari wigaruriye ibice bitandukanye by’Intara ya Cabo Delgado, anaboneraho kugabirwa inyambo zakabaye zikenura abana bugarijwe n’uruhuri rw’ibibazo, bamwe bakaba baragwingiye abandi inzara ibageze ku buce. Bamwe mu basesengura impamvu y’ingabo z’u Rwanda muri Mozambique bemeza ko ari umubano wungura Kagame na FPR ye kuko yabonye umwanya mwiza wo guhiga abo yita ko bamurwanya, ku rundi ruhande akabona uko avoma umutungo w’icyo gihugu biciye mu ma sosiyete akorera mu mutaka wa Crystal Ventures ya FPR, kuko nta keza bagishakira uretse kugisahura imitungo. Abandi basesenguzi basanga impamvu zatumye Kagame yohereza ingabo ize ari ukubera inyungu z’Abafaransa kuko ibyihebe byibasiye cyane agace ka Afungi ikigo TotalEnergies SE cyo mu Bufarasa kimaze gukoramo ishoramari rya miliyari $20 ryo gucukura gaz, bituma gihungisha abakozi bacyo igitaraganya. Ni icyo Kagame agamije!
Remezo Rodriguez