Yanditswe na Manzi Uwayo Fabrice
Mu bihugu byose ku Isi ubuzima rusange ni inkingi ikomeye y’imibereho myiza y’abaturage. Abatari bake mu Rwanda bamaze gusobanukirwa ubugome bukomeye FPR-Inkotanyi ibakorera kuko uru rwego rw’ubuzima yarwaniye umuhenerezo imaze kuruhindura ikigega gikomeye cyo kuzuza amakonti yayo, yaba ayo mu gihugu ndetse no hanze yacyo. Ubu bujura bukingirwa ikibaba na Leta y’agatsiko, FPR ibukora inyunyuza imisanzu y’abaturage batanga ku gahato igakusanyirizwa mu kigo cy’ubwiteganyirize (RSSB), maze ikayikoresha mu nyungu zitagize aho zihuriye no kuzamura imibereho myiza y’abaturage, ahubwo ikabaheza mu bujyahabi.
Kuva ku wa 01 Ukwakira 1990, ingabo za RPA/RPF zagabye igitero ku Rwanda zigamije gukuraho ubutegetsi bwariho, maze mu gihe rwari rwabuze gica habaho ibiganiro by’amahoro byashojwe n’amasezerano yasinyiwe i Arusha muri Tanzania, ku wa 04 Kanama 1993, ariko ntiyashyirwa mu bikorwa kuko yari yuzuyemo ingingo zari zigoye gushyirwa mu bikorwa, cyane ku bahezanguni bari ku mpande zombi. Ku ruhande rwari ku butegetsi hari abumvaga ko gusangira ubutegetsi na FPR bizatuma batakaza imyanya, naho ku ruhande rwa FPR ikaba itarumvaga na busa igitekerezo cyo gusangira ubutegetsi yumvaga ko bwanyazwe ba se na ba sekuru mu myaka ya mbere gato y’ubwigenge, kuko hari harakuweho ingoma ya cyami hagashyirwaho repubulika, ariko abahezanguni ku mpande zombi bakumva ko ari ukwigaranzurana hagati y’amoko.
Ku ikubitiro FPR yavugaga ko irwanira gucyura impunzi zahejwe mu gihugu cy’amavuko ndetse no guca akarengane yavugaga ko kakorerwaga abo mu gice cy’Abatutsi, ariko mu by’ukuri ntabwo ari cyo yari igamije, ahubwo yashakaga gufata ubutegetsi bwose, ikiguzi byatwara icyo ari cyose harimo no gutsemba imbaga itagira ingano, na cyane ko abakomeye muri FPR batahwemye guhora bigamba ko “batarya umureti batamennye amagi”, gusa ikinyoma cyo kurokora Abatutsi bicwaga cyakomeje kujya imbere y’ibindi, ariko cyaje kuba wa mutego wanga ikinyoma ushibuka nyirawo akiwuriho kuko na nyuma yo gufata ubutegetsi FPR yakomeje kubica kugeza na n’uyu munsi, aho ugerageje kuvuga ku karengane we yicwa cyangwa agafungwa.
Mu masezerano ya Arusha FPR yarwaniye Minisiteri y’Ubuzima
Mu masezerano ya Arusha, FPR yari yiteguye guhara izindi minisiteri zose ariko igasigarana iy’ubuzima n’iy’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu, ni nako byagenze kuko yaje kuzihabwa, ariko impamvu yarwaniraga izi minisiteri ntiyatinze kugaragara, kuko muri iyi myaka hafi 31 imaze ku butegetsi, izi minisiteri zayifashije gutsikamira abaturage no kubaheza mu icuraburindi ry’ubukene, kuko mu myumvire ya FPR, umuturage ukennye kandi ushonje adashobora kubona ko hari uburenganzira bwe burimo kubangamirwa, gahunda ya “Ngukeneshe Ngutegeke”, yasimbuye indi yiswe “Punguza Wajinga”, aho FPR yamariye ku icumu abari baciye akenge bose, mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu, ubu bikaba byaravuye mu kwica mu kivunge, ahubwo hakarobwa ugiye kwicwa igihe cyose yagerageje kuzamura imyumvire akabona ko FPR ari ihwa mu kirenge cya rubanda, ari gishegesha mu buzima bw’umuturage udafite amikoro ahambaye, ahubwo uhora abara ubukeye gusa.
Mu kugera ku ntego zayo rero, FPR yakomeje kwifashisha izi minisiteri zombi, cyane cyane iy’ubuzima, kuko ari na yo inyuramo amafaranga atagira ingano ava mu nkunga n’inguzanyo bikomoka mu bihugu by’amahanga, imisanzu y’abaturage, gukamura ba rwiyemezamirimo n’imishinga ya baringa, ariko n’ubundi akarangirira ku makonti ya FPR, ubundi hagahora hakorwa amaraporo yuzuyemo itekinika yemeza ko abaturage babayeho neza ariko byahe byo kajya. Ibi byose bikaba abitwa “Intumwa za rubanda” bakabaye bavugira abaturage bararuciye bakarumira, ahanini barwana no kudakurwa ku malisiti, bagahora barengera inyungu z’inda zabo, nk’uko byatangajwe muri raporo y’Abasenateri bagaragaje urusobe rw’ibibazo basanze mu mavuriro y’ibanze (postes de santé), bakavuga ko bikomeje gukoma mu nkokora itangwa rya serivisi zinoze ku baturage, bagasaba ko byakwihutirwa gukemurwa, ariko se ninde usabwa kubikemura ko uwakabikemuye ari we ubiteza? Ni nde mu by’ukuri uzaharanira kuzamura imibereho myiza y’abaturage ko bitari muri gahunda ya FPR? Ninde utabona ko ibyo FPR yasabaga mu masezerano ya Arusha byari ukumarira ku icumu abaturage?
Intumwa za Rubanda zikomeje “Itekinika”
Sena y’u Rwanda ivuga ko, kuva ku itariki ya 21 kugeza ku ya 30 Mutarama 2025, yasuye amavuriro y’ibanze 60, hagamijwe kugenzura ibikorwa byo kuyateza imbere, ariko basanze n’ubundi ibyari byitezwe, kuko mwene aya mavuriro aba yarubatswe abaturage babigizemo uruhare ariko yamara kuzura akegurirwa abambari ba FPR, bacura bufuni na buhoro abaturage, bakabacuza utwabo nta kindi bitayeho. Ubwabyo umubare w’ayasuwe ntuhagije kuko bitumvikana ukuntu hasuwe 60 mu 1280 yubatswe mu Tugari dutandukanye ngo bitange ubuvuzi, ariko ntabwo uru ruzinduko rwatanze ishusho rusange kuko hasuwe iby’intoranwa gusa, hirengagizwa imbaga itabarika ikomeje kuburira ubuzima muri mwene aya mavuriro adashinga ntabyine.
Imibare itangazwa na Leta ivuga ko, mu mwaka wa 2024, imfu z’ababyeyi bapfa babyara yageze ku 105 ku bagore 100 000, mu gihe abana bapfa bavuka bageze kuri 11 mu bana 1 000. N’ubwo iyi mibare ntaho ihuriye n’ukuri, ariko ni ha handi iracyari hejuru cyane, kuko urebye iterambere ry’ubuvuzi rigenda rigerwaho ku Isi, nta mubyeyi wakabaye apfa abyara cyangwa ngo umwana apfe avuka, ariko ireme ry’ubuvuzi riri hasi cyane riterwa n’uko abambari b’agatsiko kari ku butegetsi nta n’umwe wivuriza mu mavuriro ya Leta yo mu Rwanda, kabone n’iyo baba barwaye akarwara gatoya, birukira mu mavuriro yigenga cyangwa bakajya mu mahanga.
Leta na none yemera ko imibare y’abagana aya mavuriro y’ibanze bashaka serivisi z’ubuvuzi yiyongereye cyane kuko yavuye ku baturage 71 212 mu mwaka wa 2016/17, igera kuri 3 963 545 mu mwaka wa 2023/24. Muri uyu mwaka kandi RBC igaragaza ko abaturage 8551 ari bo barwaye igituntu barimo 92 barwaye igituntu cy’igikatu. Ikibazo rusange kuri aya mavuriro y’ibanze kikaba ko angana na 50% acungwa n’ibigo nderabuzima, bigatuma akora hagati y’iminsi ibiri n’itatu mu cyumweru kubera ko abaforomo bayafasha baturuka ku bigo nderabuzima biyareberera kandi nabyo bisanzwe bidafite abakozi bahagije. Kuri iki kibazo hiyongeraho ko mwene aya mavuriro atavura indwara zose ndetse hakaba n’abandikirwa imiti ntibayibone cyangwa bakabona mikeya, kuko ayo mavuriro y’ibanze aba ntayo afite cyangwa akaba atemera ubwishingizi abaturage bafite.
Mu gusoza iyi raporo y’Abasenateri yuzuyemo itekinika, hagaragajwe ko inzego zibifite mu nshingano zikwiye gushyira imbaraga mu kwihutira gukemura ibyo bibazo byagaragajwe. Aba basenateri kandi basabye ko hashyirwaho uburyo bwo gukangurira abaforomo kwemera kujya gukorera aho ari ho hose mu gihugu, gukomeza gufasha ibigo nderabuzima kubona abakozi bahagije ngo nabyo byongere iminsi yo gukorera ku mavuriro y’ibanze bireberera, kongera abaganga bavura amenyo n’abavura amaso, kubaka ubushobozi bw’abakora mu mavuriro y’ibanze binyuze mu mahugurwa no gukangurira amavuriro y’ibanze kongera amasaha y’akazi agakora n’amasaha y’ijoro, ndetse aya mavuriro y’ibanze akemera gukorana na RAMA.
Bashoje iyi raporo basaba ko hakoroshywa inzira zo gusuzuma inyemezabwishyu zitwara igihe kirekire no kutemerera umuforomo gusaba gucunga ivuriro ry’ibanze akiri mu kazi, ahubwo agasabwa gusezera akimara gushyira umukono ku masezerano yo kuricunga, kuko byamaze kugaragara ko abegurirwa aya mavuriro y’ibanze baba batarabyize maze bakifashisha abaforomo bakiri mu kandi kazi, bigatuma abaturage batabona serivisi uko bikwiriye. Basabye na none kwihutisha kugeza amavuriro y’ibanze mu Tugari twose, bavuga ko byafasha abaturage bose kubona serivisi z’ubuvuzi hafi no gukomeza kubahiriza ihame remezo ry’amahirwe angana n’igipimo cy’Umuryango w’Abibumbye wita ku Buzima cyo kutarenza ibilometero bitanu umuturage agana ku ivuriro. Nyamara birengagije ko ibi bidafite kinini byongera kuko n’aho ari adakora neza ngo atange ubuvuzi bufite ireme ku baturage, ahubwo agamije kubanyunyuza no kubashora mu mibereho mibi, nk’uko ari yo FPR yimakaje kugira ngo abaturage batazatera imbere bakabona amabi ibakorera, bakayisaba kugenda.
FPR, WAGAMBIRIYE KWIMAKAZA IMIBEREHO MIBI Y’ABATURAGE, GIRA WIGENDERE, NTITUZAGUKUMBURA
Manzi Uwayo Fabrice