Yanditswe na Nema Ange
Biturutse ku ntambara irimo guca ibintu mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, Umutwe wa M23 ufatanyije n’Ingabo z’u Rwanda (RDF) bahanganyemo n’Ingabo za FARDC, u Rwanda rukomeje kujya mu gihirahiro nyuma y’uko amahanga yose yamaze gusobanukirwa n’umuzi w’ikibazo, akaba yaratangiye ndetse akomeje kurufatira ibihano bitandukanye. Nyuma ya Leta z’Ubumwe za Amerika, Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi (EU, Ububiligi n’abandi noneho hari hatahiwe Ubwongereza mu gushyiraho ibihano bigamije kugamburuza u Rwanda kugira ngo rukure byihuse ingabo zarwo mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC.
Ibi bihano bije nyuma y’aho, tariki ya 21 Gashyantare 2025, Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’u Bwongereza, David Lammy yasuye RDC ndetse bukeye asura u Rwanda, aho yagiranye ibiganiro n’abaperezida b’ibi bihugu byombi, hagamijwe gushakira igisubizo kirambye intambara ibera mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC.
Muri ibi biganiro Perezida Kagame yaramumwamwanyije, amubwira ko u Rwanda rushyize imbere amahoro, ariko ko ibijyanye n’ubusugire n’umutekano warwo bikwiriye guhabwa agaciro no kubahwa. Yanamubwiye ko inzira y’ibiganiro yatangiwe n’Umugabane wa Afurika ifite akamaro kanini. Yongeye kandi kugaragaza ko akomeje kunenga uburyo Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wirengagiza impamvu muzi z’iyi ntambara, avuga ko zirimo itotezwa ry’Abanye-Congo b’Abatutsi, ndetse n’ubufasha Umutwe wa FDLR uhabwa na Leta ya RDC kandi ufite umugambi wo kuruhungabanya.
Uku kugoreka ikibazo bisa n’aho Minisitiri David Lammy yabisize muri Village Urugwiro, kuko akigera mu Bwongereza, ku itariki ya 25 Gashyantare 2025, Ibiro bishinzwe Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Commonwealth n’Iterambere (FCDO) byahise bisohora itangazo rikubiyemo urutonde rw’ibihano Ubwongereza bwafatiye u Rwanda, kuko rukomeje kwinangira mu gutera intambwe igaragara mu byo busaba birimo kuvana ingabo z’u Rwanda ku butaka bwa RDC.
Ni ibihano bikubiyemo kutitabira ibikorwa byo ku rwego hejuru byateguwe na Leta y’u Rwanda, kugabanya ibikorwa byo kwamamaza bakorana n’u Rwanda, guhagarika inkunga y’imari ihabwa Leta y’u Rwanda, gukorana n’abafatanyabikorwa ku bihano bishya bishobora kugenwa, guhagarika inkunga y’ahazaza mu myitozo ya gisirikare ku Rwanda no gukuraho uburenganzira bwo kugura ibikoresho ku gisirikare cy’u Rwanda.
Mu kwikura mu isoni, Leta y’u Rwanda yatangaje ko Ubwongereza bweruye bukerekana uruhande buriho mu kibazo cya RDC kandi ko ibyo bihano bwatangaje bibabaje. Ni mu gihe Ubwongereza ari kimwe mu bihugu bigenera Leta y’u Rwanda inkunga nini y’iterambere, ndetse bukaba buvuga ko bumaze guha u Rwanda arenga miliyari imwe y’amapawundi (£) mu myaka igera kuri 25 ishize. Ni ibihano rero Ubwongereza bufashe kuko buhangayikishijwe n’ibirimo kubera mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, aho ubu Umutwe wa M23 ugenzura imijyi ya Bukavu muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo na Goma muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, abarenga miliyoni y’abantu bakaba barakuwe mu byabo, abatagira ingano bakaba baraguye mu mirwano cyangwa bakicirwa aho M23 yafashe.
Mu kujijisha abaturage, u Rwanda ruvuga ko ibihano byatangajwe n’Ubwongereza nta kintu bifasha RDC, cyangwa ngo bifashe mu kugera ku gisubizo kirambye cya politike muri aya makimbirane, nyamara bigaragara neza ko RDC yo yishimiye ibi bihano, ugahita wibaza niba Leta y’u Rwanda ari yo iri mu mwanya mwiza wo kumenya ibifasha RDC cyangwa ibitayifasha. Ibi bihano na none biributsa ibyo Ubwongereza bwigeze gufatira u Rwanda, mu 2012, ubwo bwahagarikaga inkunga bwari guha Leta y’u Rwanda buyishinja na none gushyigikira Umutwe wa M23. Ku birego ko u Rwanda rwohereje ingabo gufasha Umutwe wa M23, abategetsi b’u Rwanda bagiye babihakana bakavuga ko hafashwe ingamba zo kurinda umutekano warwo ku mbibi.
Mu itangazo risubiza ku bihano byatangajwe n’Ubwongereza, u Rwanda ruvuga ko nta shingiro bifite kwibaza ko ruzashyira mu kaga umutekano warwo n’abaturage barwo, ariko Ubwongereza bwo bukavuga ko kuba rufite impungenge z’umutekano bitarwemerera kuzikemura mu buryo bwa gisirikare, ahubwo ko amakimbirane yakemurwa gusa mu nzira ya politike, ibintu bisa n’aho u Rwanda rutabikozwa kuko runaherutse kwanga gusinya amazezerano ya Luanda, rwitwaje ko RDC yanze kuganira n’Umutwe wa M23.
Ibi bihano bisobanuye iki ku Rwanda?
Ubwongereza butangaje ibihano ku Rwanda nyuma y’ibyatangajwe n’Ububiligi, hamwe na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zafatiye ibihano bwite byo mu rwego rw’ubukungu James Kabarebe, Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe Ubutwererane bw’Akarere muri Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga. Ni nyuma kandi y’uko ibihano by’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi (EU) biherutse gukomwa mu nkokora, ku munota wa nyuma, n’igihugu cya Luxembourg mu gihe ibindi 26 bigize uyu muryango byari byatoye yego, byemeza ibihano.
N’ubwo u Rwanda ruvuga ko ibi bihano ntacyo birubwiye, ibi si ukuri kuko kugeza uyu munsi rukivana igice kinini cy’ingengo y’imari rukoresha ku nkunga z’amahanga, ndetse n’inguzanyo. Dufashe urugero, mu ngengo y’imari ya 2024/2025 ya miliyari 5 030 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, Leta ivuga ko 63% byayo yagombaga kuva mu byo u Rwanda ruvana imbere mu gihugu naho inkunga zo hanze zikaba 13% by’iyo ngengo y’imari.
U Rwanda kandi rwemera ko Ubwongereza ari kimwe mu bihugu biruha inkunga nini, rukavuga ko mu myaka 25, kuva mu 1998 kugeza mu 2023, iki gihugu cyahaye u Rwanda inkunga irenga miliyari imwe y’amapawundi yo kurufasha mu iterambere, iyi nkunga ikaba yarafashije kuvana abantu barenga miliyoni ebyiri mu bukene.
Ubwongereza buvuga ko inkunga yabwo iba igenewe ibikorwa bitandukanye birimo uburezi bwahawe miliyoni 88 z’amapawundi kuva mu mu 2015 kugeza mu 2023, kuva mu bukene byateganyirijwe miliyoni 54 z’amapawundi kuva mu 2019 kugeza mu 2026, uburezi bw’abakobwa bwagenewe miliyoni 60 z’amapawundi kuva mu 2023 kugeza mu 2029, gufasha Leta gukomeza inzego zayo byateganyirijwe miliyoni 18 z’amapawundi kuva mu 2018 kugeza mu 2025, gufasha Trademark East Africa byahawe miliyoni 25 z’amapawundi kuva mu 2017 kugeza mu 2023 n’ibindi. Biragaragara rero ko hari impungenge ko ubwo inkunga Ubwongereza ihagaze bizagora u Rwanda gukomeza ibikorwa byakorwaga n’amafaranga y’iyo nkunga.
Bamwe mu bambari ba FPR-Inkotanyi babuze ayo bacira n’ayo bamira bongera kugarura ikinyoma cy’uko yahagaritse Jenoside mu 1994 amahanga yatereranye u Rwanda, none akaba akomeje guhengamira kuri RDC mu nyungu z’ibihugu bikomeye ndetse n’iz’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ushaka ko MONUSCO iguma muri RDC. Ni muri urwo rwego Stephanie Nyombayire, Umuvugizi w’Ibiro bya Perezida Kagame, yatangaje ko Umuryango Mpuzamahanga utifuriza amahoro RDC, ngo kuko aramutse abonetse wabihomberamo, nyamara akirengagiza ko ahubwo u Rwanda ari rwo rwahomba imitungo kamere rwasahuraga muri iki gihugu. Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Olivier Nduhungirehe na we yavuze ko Congo ari yo ifite byinshi byo gusubiza kurusha urundi ruhande urwo ari rwo rwose rwaba urw’imbere muri iki gihugu cyangwa mu Karere.
Ku gitutu gisanzwe cya FPR-Inkotanyi, Ihuriro ry’Igihugu Nyunguranabitekerezo ry’Imitwe ya Politiki, NFPO, ryatangaje ko ryamaganye amahanga yatereye agati mu ryinyo Abatutsi, Abanyamulenge n’Abahima bakicwa mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, aho kugira uruhare mu gukemura ibibazo bagahitamo kubyegeka ku Rwanda. Ni mu biganiro byahuje, kuri uyu wa 25 Gashyantare 2025, abayobozi b’imitwe ya politiki, aho kuganira ku yindi mitwe yimwe uburenganzira bwo gukorera mu Rwanda, yemeza ko iri inyuma ya Perezida Kagame mu guhungabanya umutekano wa RDC, ndetse yamagana amahanga akomeje gusukiranya ibihano ku Rwanda.
Nema Ange