Yanditswe na Manzi Uwayo Fabrice
Nyuma y’uko Umutwe wa M23 ufashwa n’u Rwanda mu kiswe M23/RDF utangaje ko wafashe Umujyi wa Goma ufatwa nk’Umurwa Mukuru wa Kivu y’Amajyaruguru muri RDC, ibitero bya dipolomasi bikomeje kugwira u Rwanda uko bwije n’uko bukeye kuko amahanga yose yerekeje amaso i Kigali agamije kuvana ku izima Perezida w’u Rwanda, Paul Kagame ukomeje kwinangira kuvana ingabo ze mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo, ahubwo akaba akibunza ikinyoma cyo kuvuga ko arengera Abatutsi avuga ko bugarijwe muri icyo gihugu, nyamara ikibyihishe inyuma ari ubusahuzi bw’imitungo kamere.
Mu rukerera rwo ku wa 27 Mutarama 2025 nibwo Umuvugizi wa M23 mu rwego rwa politiki, Lawrence Kanyuka, yemeje ifatwa ry’Umujyi wa Goma, asaba abaturage gutuza ndetse anasaba abasirikare ba RDC kwihuriza muri Stade de l’Unité ya Goma mbere ya Saa Cyenda z’urukerera. Yavuze kandi ko M23 yahagaritse ibikorwa bikorerwa mu kiyaga cya Kivu na n’icya Albert. Hari nyuma y’iminsi ibiri uyu mutwe uhaye ingabo za RDC amasaha 48 yo kuba zarambitse intwaro, ariko ntibyubahirijwe bituma imirwano ikomeza ndetse ingabo za LONI n’iz’umuryango wa Afurika y’Amajyepfo (SAMIDRC) zikuramo akazo karenge, ibintu bitakiriwe neza n’ibihugu bya SADC byafashe iki gikorwa nk’agasuzuguro gakabije.
Igitero cya mbere cya Dipolomasi kuri Leta ya Kigali cyagabwe na Afurika y’Epfo. Abinyujije ku rukuta rwe rwa X, ubwo yatangaga ihumure ku miryango y’ababuze ababo bari abasirikare b’igihugu cye, anagerageza gusobanura uko ibintu bimeze mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, Perezida Cyril Ramaphosa wa Afurika y’Epfo yavuze ko nyuma y’imirwano yo mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, igihugu ayoboye cyabuze abasirikare 13 bari mu “butumwa bw’amahoro”. Yagize ati: “Iyi mirwano yatangijwe n’umutwe witwaje intwaro wa M23 ndetse n’inyeshyamba z’Ingabo z’u Rwanda, RDF, aho bihanganye n’Ingabo za Congo, FARDC, bagabye ibitero ku ngabo ziri mu butumwa bw’amahoro bwa SADC muri RDC buzwi nka SAMIDRC.” Yavuze kandi ko ngo ibyo bitero byagabwe kuri SAMIDRC byatumye hapfa abandi basirikare bo mu bihugu biri muri ubwo butumwa nk’abo muri Malawi, Tanzania n’aba MONUSCO, agaragaza ko bazirikana abo babuze ubuzima ari na ko yihanganisha abo mu miryango y’ababuze ababo. Yagaragaje ko ibintu bigikomeye cyane ndetse biri guhindagurika umunota ku wundi bitunguranye, ku buryo bigoye kumenya uko ejo hazaza hazaba hameze, aboneraho no kwizeza ko inzego z’umutekano muri Afurika y’Epfo n’izo muri SAMIRDC ziri gukora uko zishoboye kugira ngo ingabo ziri muri ubwo “butumwa bw’amahoro” zihabwe ibikoresho byose bisabwa muri ibi bihe by’amage kuri zo. Yagaragaje kandi ko ubusugire bwa RDC bugomba kubahwa nk’uko Loni ibiteganya, asaba impande zihanganye gushakira ibisubizo by’ibibazo binyuze mu nzira ya dipolomasi hisunzwe amasezarano ya Luanda, amasezerano Perezida Kagame yanze gusinya ubwo yangaga kwitabira umuhango wari uteganyijwe muri Angola, ku wa 15 Ukuboza 2024.
Iki gitero cyashegeshe Perezida Kagame maze nawe ajya ku rubuga rwa X asubiza mugenzi we wa Afurika y’Epfo, aramwandagaza bikomeye ndetse amwita umubeshyi kabombo. Perezida Kagame yabanje kwibutsa ko muri icyo cyumweru bombi baganiriye inshuro ebyiri, ku wa 27 no ku wa 29 Mutarama 2025, byose bigaruka ku mutekano wo mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC. Yakomeje avuga ko ibyavuzwe mu itangazamakuru n’abayobozi ba Afurika y’Epfo harimo na Perezida Ramaphoza ubwe harimo kugoreka ukuri kw’ibihari (distorsion), kwibasira kugambiriwe ndetse n’ibinyoma. Yagize ati “RDF ni igisirikare ntabwo ari inyeshyamba kandi SAMIDRC ntabwo ari ingabo ziri mu butumwa bw’amahoro ndetse nta mwanya zifite muri ibi bintu.” Perezida Kagame yavuze ko SAMIDRC ari ingabo zahawe uruhushya na SADC, kugira ngo zifashe RDC kurwanya abaturage bayo, ifatanyije n’imitwe y’abajenosideri nka FDLR, ihora ishaka guhungabanya umutekano w’u Rwanda, na yo ubwayo ihora itera ubwoba ko izatera u Rwanda. Yongeyeho ati “Perezida Ramaphosa yampamirije ko M23 itigeze yica ingabo za Afurika y’Epfo, ahubwo bishwe na FARDC.” Yashoje avuga ko niba Afurika y’Epfo yumva ishaka kugira uruhare mu bikorwa byo kugarura amahoro, ari byiza ariko ayibutsa ko itari mu mwanya wo kwiha inshingano zo kugarura amahoro cyangwa uwo kuba umuhuza, anavuga ko niba Afurika y’Epfo yifuza ubushotoranyi, u Rwanda na rwo umunsi runaka ruzabyitaho muri ubwo buryo.” Aha rero yari yemeje neza ko igitero cya dipolomasi yagabweho na Afurika y’Epfo cyamushegeshe ndetse kikanatuma atukana anahindura imvugo yagiranye na mugenzi we kugeza ubwo yemeje ko hari ibyo yavuze mu rurimi rwo muri Afurika y’Epfo atumva na busa.
Ikindi gitero cyagabwe kuri Kagame ni inama y’igitaraganya y’Umuryango uhuza ibihugu bya Afurika y’Amajyepfo, SADC, yabereye i Dar es Salaam muri Tanzania ku wa Kabiri, tariki ya 28 Mutarama 2025. Ni inama yahuje abakuru b’ibihugu batandukanye barimo Samia Suluhu Hassan wa Tanzania, Perezida Hakainde Hichilema wa Zambia hamwe na Perezida Lazarus Chakwera wa Malawi. Icyakora Perezida Cyril Ramaphosa wa Afrika y’Epfo na Félix Tshisekedi bitabiriye iyi nama bifashishije ikoranabuhanga. Icyatunguye u Rwanda n’Isi yose ni uko ibyavuye muri iyi nama bitatangajwe, ahubwo Perezida wa Kenya, William Ruto, akaba na Perezida wa EAC, ku wa 29 Mutarama 2025, yahise atumiza inama idasanzwe ihuza abakuru b’ibihugu yabereye ku ikoranabuhanga, ariko Perezida Félix Tshisekedi wa RDC ntiyayitabira, uw’u Burundi, Evariste Ndayishimiye ayivamo atavuze kuko yaje gutangaza ko itumanaho ryamugoye inama igeze hagati.
Abambari ba FPR bakomeje kuvuga aya ndongo kuko bakiraga ibitero bya dipolomasi biturutse hirya no hino ku Isi. Ku wa 30 Mutarama 2025, Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Olivier Nduhungirehe, yatangaje ko u Rwanda rufite amakuru y’uko isaha n’isaha rushobora guterwa na RDC, bityo ko ari yo mpamvu rwakajije ubwirinzi ku mipaka yarwo iruhuza n’iki gihugu. Ibi yabitangarije mu kiganiro “Face The Nation” gitegurwa n’Umunyamakuru Clement Manyathela, kikanyura kuri Televiziyo ya SABC News yo muri Afurika y’Epfo. Nduhungirehe kandi yatangaje ko u Rwanda rufite ibimenyetso byuzuye by’ibyo Perezida Paul Kagame na mugenzi we wa Afurika y’Epfo, Cyril Ramaphosa, baganiriye ku mutekano muke wo mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC ndetse ko nyuma y’ibyo biganiro, abo muri Afurika y’Epfo barimo na Perezida Ramaphosa ubwe bagoretse ibyavugiwemo banatangaza amakuru atari yo, birimo ko abasirikare ba SANDF bishwe n’Ingabo z’u Rwanda yise inyeshyamba, n’umutwe witwaje intwaro wa M23, birimo n’uko Ramaphosa yemeye ko ingabo ze zishwe na FARDC, ndetse ko Ramaphosa yanamusabye ko yamuvugishiriza M23, bigatuma ingabo ze zibona amazi, amashanyarazi n’ibyo kurya. Ibi byatumye Manyathela abaza Minisitiri Nduhungirehe impamvu Perezida Kagame yagaragaje perezida wabo nk’umubeshyi, maze mu kumusubiza Nduhungirehe agira ati “Ku wa 27 Mutarama 2025, bemeranyije ku bijyanye no guhagarika intambara ndetse n’ibiganiro bitaziguye hagati ya M23 na Guverinoma ya RDC. Ejo hashize (ku wa 29 Mutarama 2024) na bwo baganiriye kuri telefoni mu buryo bw’ubwubahane, ku biri kubera ku rugamba ndetse Perezida Ramaphosa yagaragaje ko abasirikare ba Afurika y’Epfo barashwe na FARDC, anasaba Perezida Kagame kumuvuganira kugira ngo ingabo za Afurika y’Epfo zibone amazi, amashanyarazi n’ibiribwa.” Nduhungirehe yavuze ko nyuma y’ibiganiro, u Rwanda rwatunguwe n’uburyo abo mu nzego z’ubuyobozi za Afurika y’Epfo nka Minisitiri w’Ingabo na Perezida Ramaphosa batangaje ibihabanye. Manyathela yagaragaje ko Afurika y’Epfo yahakanye ibijyanye n’uko Perezida Ramaphosa yemeye ko ingabo ze zishwe na FARDC, aho kuba M23 n’ibyo gusaba amazi, amashanyarazi n’ibiribwa, abaza Minisitiri Nduhungirehe uwaba ari mu kuri, ndetse niba hari n’ibimenyetso u Rwanda rufite, amwemerera ko bihari ko ndetse iyo bigeze ku rwego rwo kugoreka ibyaganiriweho n’abakuru b’ibihugu byombi, biba ari ibintu bikomeye cyane. Abajijwe niba u Rwanda rwiteguye kugaragaza ibyo bimenyetso by’ibyo Ramaphosa yavuze, Nduhungirehe yariye iminwa avuga ko icyo kitari mu by’igenzi byagakwiriye kuba biganirwaho ubu.
Si Nduhungirehe wenyine wavuze aya ndongo kuko n’Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga n’Ubutwererane ushinzwe Ubufatanye n’Akarere, Gen (Rtd) James Kabarebe, yagaragaje ko imitekerereze yise iy’ubupfapfa ariyo yihishe inyuma y’icyemezo cyo kohereza Ingabo za Afurika y’Epfo kurwana mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, zifatanyije n’umutwe wa FDLR wasize ukoze Jenoside mu Rwanda. Ibi yabigaragarije mu gitekerezo yanyujije ku rukuta rwe rwa X, ubwo yasubizaga ubutumwa bwatambukijwe na Televiziyo y’Igihugu muri Afurika y’Epfo bw’ikiganiro yari yagiranye n’uwahoze ari umuyobozi w’urwego rw’ubutasi muri icyo gihugu, Lt Gen (Rtd) Maomela Motau. Muri iki kiganiro uyu mugabo yari yagaragaje ko u Rwanda ari rwo muzi w’ibibazo bimaze imyaka myinshi muri RDC, ndetse ko Perezida Cyril Ramaphosa adakwiye kurebera ibiri kuba asaba ibiganiro by’amahoro, ahubwo afite kugira icyo akora mu buryo bwihuse ku Rwanda, birimo no kurushozaho intambara. Kabarebe yavuze ko uyu mugabo mu gihe cye akiri umuyobozi, yari ashyigikiye abataravugaga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda babaga icyo gihe muri Afurika y’Epfo, akaba ari byo biri gutuma aharabika u Rwanda arushinja ibinyoma. Gen (Rtd) Kabarebe yagize ati “Ni imitekerereze nk’iyo y’ubupfapfa kandi iciriritse yihishe inyuma y’iyoherezwa ry’Ingabo za Afurika y’Epfo kurwana mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, zifatanyije n’umutwe wa FDLR wasize ukoze Jenoside mu Rwanda ndetse n’abacanshuro b’Abanyaburayi, bica Abatutsi b’inzirakarengane bo muri Kivu ya Ruguru baharanira uburenganzira bwabo bwo kubaho.” Ibi rero nabyo byari bikomeje kwerekana ko u Rwanda rukomeje gusaza imigeri imbere y’ibitero bya dipolomasi rukomeje kugabwaho n’amahanga yamaze gusobanukirwa ko nyirabayazana w’ikibazo ari Kagame, ukomeje kuba ihwa rijomba Akarere kose, nta kindi agamije uretse gusahura umutungo kamere wa RDC.
Abandi bambari ba FPR bakomeje gusaza imigeri babicishije mu gushakisha imikoranire n’ibihugu ndetse n’amashyaka atandukanye kuko ku wa 30 Mutarama 2025, Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa FPR Inkotanyi, Amb. Wellars Gasamagera yahuye na Visi Perezida w’Ishyaka rya Prosperity Party muri Ethiopia, Adem Farah, bagirana ibiganiro. Muri ibi biganiro kandi Gasamagera yari aherekejwe na Komiseri Tito Rutaremara ndetse na Ambasaderi w’u Rwanda muri Ethiopia Maj. Gen. (Rtd.) Charles Karamba. Ni mu gihe kandi Umuyobozi Mukuru Wungirije w’Umuryango FPR Inkotanyi, Uwimana Consolée, na we yasoje urugendo rw’akazi muri Cuba, aho yari ayoboye abakada ba FPR Inkotanyi bitabiriye Inama Mpuzamahanga yari yateguwe n’ishyaka ry’aba-Communist muri icyo gihugu (CCP). Muri urwo ruzinduko yagiranye ibiganiro na Perezida wa Cuba akaba n’Umunyamabanga wa mbere wa CPP, Miguel Díaz-Canel Bermúdez.
Umunsi w’ibitero bya dipolomasi wabaye mubi cyane kuri Perezida Kagame wabaye uwo ku Gatanu, tariki ya 31 Mutarama 2025. Kuri uyu munsi Kagame atizabagirwa, mu nama idasanzwe y’abakuru b’ibihugu na za guverinoma b’Umuryango wa Afurika y’Amajyepfo (SADC), hemejwe ko hategurwa inama y’igitaraganya ihurijwemo uyu muryango n’uwa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, EAC kugira ngo higwe ku kibazo cy’umutekano muke mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC. Iki cyemezo cyafatiwe mu nama yabereye i Harare muri Zimbabwe, iyoborwa na Perezida wa Zimbabwe, akaba na Chairman wa SADC, Dr. Emmerson Dambudzo Mnangagwa. Ni inama kandi yitabiriwe n’abaperezida barimo Duma Gideon Boko wa Botswana, Félix Antoine Tshisekedi wa RDC, Andry Rajoelina wa Madagascar, Daniel Francisco Chapo wa Mozambique, Cyril Ramaphosa wa Afurika y’Epfo, Samia Suluhu Hassan wa Tanzania na Hakainde Hichilema wa Zambia. Iyi nama kandi yitabiriye n’intumwa z’abaperezida zirimo Samuel Ntsokoane, Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Lesotho, Matekane, Minisitiri Wungirije wa Eswatini, Thulisile Dladla, Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga wa Angola, Téte António, Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga wa Malawi, Nancy Gladys Tembo na Minisitiri w’Ingabo wa Namibia Frans Kapofi.
Muri iyi nama hongeye kwibukwa abasirikare 17 ba SADC baguye mu mirwano iherutse kubera mu Mujyi wa Sake, barimo abakomoka muri Tanzania, Malawi na Afurika y’Epfo, bagaragaza ko bigomba kuryozwa Umutwe wa M23 ndetse n’u Rwanda. Abitabiriye inama ya SADC kandi bemeje ko abaminisitiri b’ingabo n’abagaba bazo mu bihugu bya SADC n’ibiri kugira uruhare muri SAMIDRC, bagomba gukora uko bashoboye kugira ngo ingabo ziri mu “butumwa bw’amahoro” zikomeze gukora akazi kazo neza, bategeka ko hagomba no gutegurwa uburyo bwo gucyura imirambo y’abapfuye n’abakomeretse, banashimira Madagascar yemeye gutanga ubufasha mu by’ubuvuzi bw’abaturage bakomerekeye mu ntambara imaze iminsi ifashe indi ntera mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC. Muri rusange, SADC yavuze ko izakomeza gushyigikira DRC mu rugamba yise “urwo kurinda ubusugire bwayo”. Baboneyeho gufata imyanzuro yose hamwe 21 igamije gusubiza ibintu mu buryo harimo kumenesha ku butaka bwa RDC ingabo z’u Rwanda zikomeje kuhahangubanya umutekano zitwikiriye umutaka wa M23. Iyi myanzuro rero ikaba yarahahamuye bikomeye ubutegetsi bwa Kigali kuko bwabonye ko bwakinishije ibidakinishwa, nyamara igisubizo kiroroshye ni uko u Rwanda rwacyura ingabo zarwo zikomeje gukora ibidakorwa muri kariya karere, ndetse rugasaba imbabazi amahanga yose ku mugaragaro.
Kuri uyu wa 31 Mutarama 2025 na none, mu bihe bitandukanye, Perezida Kagame yagabweho ibitero bya dipolomasi kuko yakiriye Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga ya Qatar, Dr. Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Al-Khulaifi, bagirana ibiganiro byanitabiriwe na Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’u Rwanda, Amb. Olivier Nduhungirehe, ndetse n’Umunyamabanga Mukuru Wungirije w’Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Umutekano n’Iperereza (NISS), Brig Gen Jean Paul Nyirubutama; aba bombi kandi bamufashije kwakira Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’u Bufaransa, Jean-Noël Barrot uri mu ruzinduko rw’akazi mu Rwanda. Uyu Jean-Noël Barrot kandi mbere yo kuza mu Rwanda yabanje kuganira na Perezida Félix Tshisekedi wa RDC, i Kinshasa ku wa 30 Mutarama 2025. Perezida Kagame na none yakiriye Umunyamabanga wa Leta Muri Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abarabu, UAE, Sheikh Shakhboot Bin Nahyan Al Nahyan, nk’uko Ibiro by’Umukuru w’Igihugu byabitangaje bibinyujije kuri X.
Aba bose basuye u Rwanda kuri uyu munsi byavuzwe ko ibiganiro byibanze ku mibanire y’u Rwanda n’ibihugu byabo ndetse no guteza imbere amahoro arambye mu Karere u Rwanda ruherereyemo, nyamara ababirebera hafi basanga ari intumwa z’ibihugu byabo zari zije kuburira Perezida Kagame ko Ijuru rigiye kumugwira nyuma yo gufata Umujyi wa Goma yikinze mu mutaka wa M23. Ibi rero byatumye ingabo za M23/RDF zishora abatuye Umujyi wa Goma n’impunzi zahunze imirwano yo mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC mu myigaragambyo bamagana Perezida Félix Tshisekedi, bamushinja intege nke kuko yananiwe gukemura ibibazo byabo no kubarindira umutekano. Ibi bitero bya dipolomasi kandi bikomeje kwikubita ku Rwanda mu gihe Perezida Donald Trump wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika yirinze kuvuga byinshi ku kibazo cy’u Rwanda na RDC, gusa ashimangira ko ari ikibazo gikomeye. Ni mu kiganiro yagiranye n’abanyamakuru aho umwe yamubajije icyo atekereza ku kibazo cy’u Rwanda na RDC; adaciye ku ruhande yagize ati “Uri kumbaza ikibazo ku Rwanda, kandi ni ikibazo gikomeye, ndabyemera, ariko sintekereza ko aka kanya ari igihe cyiza cyo kukivugaho, ariko ni ikibazo gikomeye.” Ibi nabyo byateye icyikango ku butegetsi bwa Kigali kuko butazi mu by’ukuri uko ubutegetsi bushya bwa Amerika butekereza u Rwanda, ariko nta kabuza buzi ko u Rwanda ari rwo nyirabayazana w’ibibazo biri mu karere.
FPR, WAHISEMO KUYOGOZA AKARERE KOSE, GIRA WIGENDERE, NTITUZAGUKUMBURA
Manzi Uwayo Fabrice.