Yanditswe na Manzi Uwayo Fabrice
Mu Kinyarwanda iyo bavuze ngo « Umuntu yagiye mu bajiji atari umujiji » baba bashaka kuvuga ko yagiye mu cyiciro cy’abantu (abajiji) bafite ibyo bahuriyeho, basanzwe baziranyeho, noneho batangira kuganira, wa wundi utari umujiji akavuga ibiterekeranye abajiji bakamuha urw’amenyo, bakamukwena, inkwenene bakayivaho, bagakwenkwenuka, utari mujiji agakuramo ake karenge, akayabangira ingata.
Uyu mugani uherutse kugaruka mu mitwe y’abakurikirana imbuga nkoranyambaga kuri uyu wa Gatandatu, tariki ya 06 Gicurasi 2023, ubwo i Bujumbura, mu Burundi hateraniraga inama ya 11 yo gukurikirana iyubahirizwa ry’amasezerano ya Addis Abeba agamije kugarura amahoro mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC.
Iyi nama yarangiye ku mugoroba wo kuri iyo tariki yari yitabiriwe n’abayobozi bo ku nzego zitandukanye barimo Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, Antonio Guterres, Umuyobozi wa Komisiyo y’Afurika yunze Ubumwe, Moussa Faki Mahamat, Abaperezida barimo uwa RDC, Félix Antoine Tshisekedi, ari nawe warebwa cyane, uwa Afurika y’Epfo Cyril Ramaphosa, uwa Uganda Yoweli Kaguta Museveni, uwa Centrafrique, Archange Touadéra, impuguke za Loni n’abandi.
Muri rusange ibihugu 13 byo mu karere byari bihagariwe, uyu mubare wibutsa bya bihugu, mu myaka 10 ishize, byigeze guhurira muri RDC ubwo M23 yari yafashe Goma bakayirasa ikiruka, abarwanyi bamwe bakirukira muri Uganda abandi bakirukira mu Rwanda. Icyahise kigaragara ni uko Abaperezida babiri barebwa cyane n’iki kibazo batari baje. Abo ni Perezida w’u Rwanda, Paul Kagame, ari nawe wateje intambara ya M23 n’uwa Kenya, William Ruto, igihugu kiyoboye ingabo za EACRF zirinda uduce umutwe wa M23 yavuyemo.
Mbere gato y’uko iyi nama ya Bujumbura itangira, RFI yatangaje ko uwari utegerejwe cyane, Paul Kagame, atakiyitabiriye kuko yitabiriye imihango yo kwimika Umwami Charles III w’u Bwongereza. Ibi nta musesenguzi wigeze abigarukaho, kuko byumvikanaga kuko Kagame akunda kwibonekeza nta kuntu atari kujya mu Bwongereza ngo agiye mu Burundi kandi abizi neza abagaragu be Gen. Kazura, Gen. Nyakarundi, Gen. Karuretwa, IGP Namuhoranye, n’abandi benshi bose bakiniye umupira ku mihanda ya Bujumbura, none ngo arajya mu biganiro mu Burundi noneho anayoboye Commonwealth ? Ntibyavamo!
Hari hasigaye kumenya uri buhagararire Perezida Kagame mu Burundi, kuko uwapfushije abaturage amagana bazize ibiza by’imvura yo mu ijoro ryo ku wa 02-03/05/2023, akabatabarira kuri Twitter, byari kuba ari ubusazi gutekereza ko yajya i Bujumbura, bamwe batangira guhwihwisa Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Dr. Vincent Biruta, ariko inama igiye gutangira bigaragaye ko yohereje Minisitiri w’Intebe, Dr. Edouard Ngirente, uherutse kugaragara agiye gushyingura abazize ibiza, umukecuru asakuza ashaka gusezera ku mwana we, bafunguye isanduku basangamo umukecuru. Ubushaguzi buragwira rwose !
Uyu Dr. Edouard Ngirente amaze kumenyekana cyane kuko azwi ku izina rya Dr. Nsinyente. Uyu mugabo uri kuri uyu mwanya kuva muri Nyakanga 2017, byageze muri Werurwe 2020 atangira kujya asinya mu izina rya Perezida Kagame, kandi agasinya ku mpapuro z’umuhondo zimenyerewe mu Rwanda nka
« Yellow Papers ». Kuko Dr. Ngirente yajyaga gusinya akabanza akabaza uko asinya, bigeze muri rubanda bati : « Dr. Ngirente yabaye Dr. Nsinyente ». Ibi byaramenyerewe nka misa ya mbere kwa Padiri, ahubwo ikibazo cyari gisigaye kwari ukwibaza ngo Dr. Nsinyente arasinya i Bujumbura cyangwa ntasinya ?
Andi makuru dukesha abantu bazi neza umuryango wa Dr. Nsinyente avuga ko iri zina atari rishya kuko rimaze imyaka irenga 40, kuko ngo yaryiswe na mukuru we w’umudepite witwa Bitunguramye Diogène, kuko ngo ubwo bari bakiri batoya uyu Depite Bitunguramye, aho bavuka mu Murenge wa Rushashi, mu Karere ka Gakenke, yirirwaga yigisha murumuna uko azasinya ngo kuko we yari yarabimenye mbere ye.
Dr. Nsinyente na Depite Bitunguramye ngo bifuzaga kuzaba abategetsi bakomeye bakihimura kuri Perezida Habyarimana, ngo kuko bahoraga babwirwa ko yabujije Se kwiga ngo kuko bavuye mu Ruhengeri baza gutura ku Rushashi muri Kigali Ngari, ahura n’iringaniza ry’amoko n’uturere (équilibre régional et ethnique), we ntiyiga. Ibyo byatumye aba bana biga batiyigishije, ireme ry’uburezi rikiri ryose. Umunsi bumvise ko FPR yafashe igihugu icyizere cyaraje ariko nyuma y’imyaka itagera kuri ine cyarayoyotse.
Mu 1998, ubwo muryango wabo wari ukomeye cyane, hari mu ntambara yiswe iy’Abacengezi, FPR yatunguye abari batuye ku Rushashi yica agasozi kose ihereye kuri Bourgmestre, Perezida w’Urukiko, abayobozi ba EAV Rushashi, abakozi ba Komini n’abaturage batagira ingano. Muri aba bapfuye hagendeyemo n’umuryango wa Dr. Nsinyente na mukuru Depite Bitunguramye, ariko bo bararokoka. Umwe yigaga mu mahanga, undi yagiye kureba umukino w’igikombe cy’isi ku kabari kitwa Pensez-y ko muri Rulindo. Uyu munsi FPR yarabahembye ngo babyibagirwe, umuto ni Minisitiri w’Intebe, umukuru ni umudepite uhagarariye FPR, inzozi zo mu bwana zo kuba abategetsi baba barazikabije. Kari agaciyemo twikomereze inkuru yatuzinduye !
Mu nama y’i Bumbura baketse ko u Rwanda rwohereje umunyarwenya w’umwuga
Inama isa n’iyi yari yabaye ku nshuro ya 10 yari yabereye i Addis-Abeba muri Ethiopia yari yaranenzwe kuko abayitabiriye bavuga ko yaranzwe n’inenge ebyiri : « Ibisubizo bivanze n’ibisubizo bike », nyamara abo bireba bose bari bahibereye, Tshisekedi na Kagame, hibazwaga rero icyo iyi yo ku nshuro ya 11 yari igiye kubera i Bujumbura yari butange mu gihe noneho Kagame yari yibereye mu butembere yayirengagije.
Nyuma y’imihango n’imbwirwaruhame zitandukanye, habaye amasaha agera kuri atatu yo mu muhezo, ibiganiro bishyushye hagati ya Perezida wa RDC, Félix-Antoine Tshisekedi na Dr. Nsinyente wari uhagarariye Perezida Kagame wibereye i Londres. Byose birangira nta myanzuro ifashwe rwabuze gica.
Byatangiye Kinshasa ishinja Kigali gushyigikira umutwe wa M23 mu gihe kirenga umwaka, kandi ko u Rwanda rwohereza ingabo za RDF zikica abaturage bikitirirwa ingabo za RDC, FARDC. Ku ruhande rwa Congo berekanye raporo nyinshi zakozwe n’inzobere zirimo iza LONI, imiryango itagengwa na Leta.
Hari hatahiwe u Rwanda, Dr. Nsinyente asobanura ko u Rwanda rufite ibyerekezo byinshi biri Gahunda ya Guverinoma y’Imyaka 7 (7YGP) izarangira mu 2024 ndetse na Vision 2050 igabanyijemo ibice bibiri, icya mbere kikazarangira mu 2035. Yavuze kandi ko u Rwanda rwahuje amatora ya Perezida n’ayabadepite, ngo kubera izo mpamvu zose ntabwo u Rwanda rwabona umwanya wo kujya muri RDC.
RDC yagaragaje ko u Rwanda rwahinduye ikigwaho kuko ikibazo cyari ugufasha M23 ndetse no kwica abaturage. Dr. Nsinyente asubiza ko M23 u Rwanda rutayizi kuko ari Abanyekongo, ngo ntabwo bafasha abantu batazi. Noneho amarangamutima arazamuka batangira kujya bavuga nta wubahaye ijambo. Uwari uyoboye ibiganiro, yababwiye ko buri wese uri buze gufata ijambo azajya abanza akazirikana ko igikorwa barimo kigamije «Kungurana ibitekerezo n’umutima mwiza, mu kuri kandi nta guca ku ruhande».
Ibiganiro byarakomeje bakomeza guterana amagambo, birangira nta myanzuro ifashwe, bemeza ko hakomeza gukurikizwa imyanzuro ya Nairobi na Luanda, kuko yo yasinywe n’impande zose. Gusa andi makuru avuga ko Kenya itagicana uwaka na RDC, nyuma y’aho uwari uyoboye ingabo za EACRF, Maj. Gen. Jeff Nyagah, yeguriye akavuga ko yananijwe na FARDC kuko ngo aho yari atuye yacungwaga drones zitanga amakuru. Uyu amaze kwegura, Perezida William Ruto yahise amuha akandi kazi ko hejuru mu gisirikare cya Kenya, ariko yoherezayo undi, Leta ya Kinshasa ivuga ko Kenya atari yo kamara, ko ahubwo ibihugu bifiteyo ingabo byajya bihinduranya, Perezida Ruto yararakaye ahitamo kwiherekereza Perezida Kagame kuryoshya i Londres. Umwe mu bayobozi ba LONI wari uri muri ibi biganiro avuga ko ibi biganiro byarimo amarangamutima. Yagize ati : « Impande zombi zemereye abayitabiriye guhura zigakora imyanzuro ».
Iyi myanzuro yarabuze hemezwa ko hagiye gukomeza kwihutishwa ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’imyanzuro yavuye mu biganiro bya Luanda na Nairobi. Kuko Perezida William Ruto yamaze kwerekana uruhande rwe, itangazamakuru ryahise rihanga amaso Perezida wa Angola, João Lourenço, usanzwe ari umuhuza washyizweho n’Umuryango w’Afurika yunze Ubumwe, abajijwe niba abona intamabara hagati ya RDC n’u Rwanda arahakana, avuga ashingira ko n’ubwo uyu munsi ntacyo ibiganiro byagezeho ariko bizakomeza. Mu kiganiro yagiranye n’umunyamakuru Marc Perelman wa France 24, Perezida Lourenço, kuri uyu wa 07/05/2023, yabwiwe ko umwuka ukomeje gututumba hagati ya RDC n’u Rwanda, abazwa niba we atabona ko hazakurikiraho intambara, asubiza ko « atekereza ko bitazaba ko bazakora ibishoboka byose ».
Perezida Lourenço yasobanuye ko hamaze gukorwa byinshi biganisha ku kuba umwuka mubi uru hagati y’ibi bihugu wavaho, harimo kuba M23 yaremeye kurekura uduce yafashe. Yavuze ko M23 yemeye guhagarika imirwano nyuma y’inama abayihagarariye n’abahagarariye RDC bagiriye i Luanda muri Angola, kandi ngo kugira ngo bishoboke, Perezida Kagame yabigizemo uruhare. Yagize ati : «Mbimusabye, Perezida Kagame yahuje Angola n’ubuyobozi bwa M23. Twari twaragize ikibazo cyo gutumira M23, uwadufashije ni Paul Kagame. Nyuma y’iminsi mike, abayobozi ba M23 baje i Luanda, twemeranya ko bagiye guhagarika imirwano, barabikora.» Iki cyari ikindi gihamya cy’uko Perezida Kagame ayobora M23. Icyo umuhuza atazi ni uko M23 irekura agace igahita yambara gisivili ikagarukamo ikarindwa n’ingabo za EACRF ikikomereza gahunda Kagame yayihaye, na cyane ko abavugizi ba M23 bajya bacikwa bakamwita Afande mu itangazamakuru. Siko kuri se ?
Perezida Lourenço yemeza kandi ko n’uruhande rwa RDC rurimo kubahiriza ibyo rwasabwe mu nama yabereye i Luanda mu kwezi k’Ugushyingo 2022, igisigaye ngo kikaba ari uko azohereza abasirikare b’iigihugu cye 500 bazaba bashinzwe kurinda abarwanyi ba M23 mu gihe bazaba bararambitse intwaro, bategereje gusubizwa mu buzima busanzwe. Ibi nabyo abasesenguzi bahise babitera utwatsi kuko bitakunda.
Impamvu bashingiraho bemeza ko bitakunda ni uko nyuma y’uko RDC yemereye Angola kuzakira abasirikare bayo 500, Perezida Kagame yaciye inyuma asaba amasezerano y’ubufatanye na Angola ndetse aza no gusinywa nk’uko tubikesha inkuru y’umuzindaro wa FPR, Igihe.com, yo ku wa 24/04/2023, yahawe umutwe ugira uti : « Bidasubirwaho u Rwanda rwemeje ubufatanye na Angola mu guhererekanya abanyabyaha », yavugaga ko Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yemeje bidasubirwaho amasezerano y’ubufatanye ndetse n’imikoranire n’iya Angola mu bijyanye no guhererekanya no kunganira abanyabyaha.
Ibi byemejwe nyuma y’ishyirwaho ry’itegeko Nº 002/2023 ryo ku wa 21/02/2023 ryemeza burundu ayo masezerano y’ubufatanye mu by’amategeko mu rwego mpanabyaha hagati y’ibihugu byombi yashyiriweho umukono i Kigali muri Mata 2023. Ni amasezerano akubiyemo ingingo 26 impande zombi zamaze kumvikanaho aho ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda yashyizweho umukono na Minisitiri w’Ubutabera, Dr. Ugirashebuja Emmanuel na mugenzi we wa Angola Francisc Manuel Monteiro de Queiroz.
Ni itegeko kandi rigaragaza ko inzego bireba ari zo Minisiteri y’Ubutabera mu Rwanda ndetse n’Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta muri Angola bashobora kuvugana byihuse bitarinze guca mu nzira za dipolomasi.
Mu 2022 nabwo ibi bihugu byasinyanye amasezerano atandukanye agera kuri 13 arimo kudasoresha kabiri, guhererekanya abakekwaho ibyaha, ubufatanye mu gutanga ubufasha mu by’amategeko no guhererekanya abanyabyaha. Hari kandi amasezerano y’imikoranire mu by’ubutwererane no guteza imbere urwego rw’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi, guteza imbere imiyoborere mu nzego z’ibanze, ubwikorezi, uburezi, ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro n’amahugurwa y’abakozi ba Leta. Hari amakuru avuga ko kandi hatangiye ibiganiro ku amasezerano y’ubufatanye mu bya gisirikare no gutabarana.
Aya masezerano yose yabaye RDC imaze kwemerera Angola kohereza abasirikare 500, mu mezi 5 gusa. Ubu ko atasinyiwe mu giseke, Kagame n’abambari be bazi ko RDC itabizi ? Barangiza ngo ingabo ? Bivuze ko Angola yaba isanzeyo u Burundi, Uganda, Kenya n’u Rwanda noneho wa mugambi wa «Balkanisation», Kagame yatumwe na Museveni akaba awugezeho. Kuyiburizamo nta kundi ni uko SADC ibyinjiramo.
Manzi Uwayo Fabrice