Yanditswe na Ahirwe Karoli
U Rwanda nk’igihugu gikennye kibona amafaranga biciye mu gukamura abaturage imisoro y’umurengera cyangwa rugacungira ku mpano n’inguzanyo z’igihe kirekire rukura mu mahanga. Ikibabaje ni uko igice kinini cy’ayo mafaranga kirangirira ku makonti y’agatsiko kafashe ubutegetsi gakoresheje imbunda mu myaka 30 ishize. Aya mafaranga avanwa mu gihugu akajya kubitswa ku makonti atazwi, igihugu kigezweho mu kubikira abategetsi b’igitugu kikaba ari Djibouti, igihugu giherereye mu ihembe ry’Afurika.
Ikindi gice cy’amafaranga asigaye gisesakurirwa imbere mu gihugu aho abategetsi bigenera imishahara itagira ingano, bakiha n’ibindi bagenerwa bidasobanutse, hakabaho guhemba abakozi batabaho ba baringa cyangwa agashirira mu ngendo z’abategetsi akenshi ziba atari ngombwa ariko ugasanga zungura gusa Kagame n’umuryango we kuko abajya muri izo ngendo zose bisaba gukodesherezwa indege za Perezida Paul Kagame hatitawe ku mibereho mibi abaturage bashyizwemo, ugize ngo aravuga akanyerezwa, agafungwa cyangwa akicwa, abahonotse bakirukira mu mahanga, aho babuzwa uburenganzira bwose ku gihugu cyabo, bakagwa igihugu igicuri nta miziro wababonaho uretse kunenga ubutegetsi gusa. Ubu rero Leta yaciye undi muvuno wo kunyunyuza amadini n’amatorero kugira ngo abe ari yo yikorera uyu muzigo w’amafaranga asesagurwa kuko ishyaka riri ku butegetsi ryabonye ko ryari ryaratanzwe muri ubu buryo bwo kongera gukenesha abaturage, kuko ari bo bazikorera ahanini uyu muzigo wose. Birumvikana ko nta handi ayo mafaranga yava atari mu baturage.
Mu kwiyerurutsa gukomeye, kuri uyu wa 29 Ukwakira 2024, Komisiyo Ishinzwe Abakozi ba Leta (PSC) yagaragarije Inteko Ishinga Amategeko imitwe yombi ko hari ibigo bigikoresha abakozi ba baringa, ibindi bigakoresha amapiganwa ya nyirarureshwa ku myanya y’akazi bikakemerera n’abadafite ibyangombwa bagashyirwa mu myanya badashoboye kandi abashoboye birirwa bicira isazi mu jisho. Ibi bizahaza bikomeye imikorere iciye mu mucyo na cyane ko imyanya iba ari mike cyane ugereranyije n’ababa bashaka akazi. Imibare ya PSC igaragaraza ko mu mwaka ushize, imyanya ikeneye abakozi mu bigo bya Leta byose yari 2,790 ariko abanyuze ku ikoranabuhanga ryifashishwa basaba akazi bari 577,994. Aba barimo abarenga ibihumbi 382 bari bujuje ibyangombwa ariko abakoze ibizamini ni ibihumbi 91 gusa nk’uko byatangajwe na Perezida w’Agateganyo w’Inama y’Abakomiseri muri PSC, Barnabé Muhire Sebagabo. Uyu nawe umaze imyaka irenga 5 ari uw’agateganyo kugira ngo atagira uburenganzira akagira ibyo yangiza, yabwiye Inteko Rusange ko mu igenzura bakoze basanze ku bigo 68 muri 87 byatanze akazi 68% batubahiriza igihe cyagenwe cyo gushaka abakozi, ni ukuvuga iminsi 30 nk’uko bigenwa n’Iteka rya Perezida ryo mu 2020, ahanini bikaba biterwa n’uko abatanga akazi baba bategereje abo bazazanirwa n’ibifi binini, nyamara badafite ubushobozi bukenewe ku isoko, dore ko muri aba, abarenga 6% bemererwa gupiganwa badafite impamyabumenyi zisabwa ndetse 2% bagashyirwa mu myanya bidakurikije amategeko, ahanini bitewe na ruswa, ikimenyane n’icyenewabo.
Sebagabo yakomeje atangaza ko mu bitaro bya Leta basanzemo imyanya 45 itarimo abakozi kandi amafaranga yo kubahemba asohoka buri kwezi, abakozi 10 badafite impamyabumenyi zisabwa ku myanya bakoramo, mu gihe abandi batandatu (6) bari mu kazi ariko badafite équivalences z’impamyabumenyi kuko bagaragazaga ko bize mu mahanga, ariko hakabamo n’ababeshya ko bize mu mahanga nyamara batarigera barenga imipaka y’u Rwanda. Icyatunguye abari mu Nteko Rusange ni uko uyu Sebagabo yatangaje ko hari abakozi bane (4) bashyizwe mu myanya batarigeze bapiganwa, abandi batanu (5) bari bafite amazina atandukanye n’ari ku byagombwa byabo. Ibi rero bitwara Leta ingengo y’imari itagira ingano igendera agatsi kandi abashyirwa mu myanya ntibagire icyo bamarira abaturage mu buryo bugaragara.
Sebagabo kandi yakomeje agaragaza ko gusaba akazi binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga (e-recruitment) bikirimo ibihato byinshi, aho abasaba baba bagomba kwemezwa n’umuntu umwe bikaba byatanga icyuho cya ruswa cyangwa hagashyirwa mu myanya abadashoboye bitewe n’ababazanye. Yavuze ko mu mwaka ushize abantu 195,191 bangana na 33% batemerewe gukora ibizamini by’akazi bari basabye, bamwe bakinubira ko bakuwe ku rutonde kandi bujuje ibisabwa, ahubwo hakemererwa abatabifite ndetse bagahabwa akazi. Ibi byatumye PSC yakira ubujurire 9,857, muri bwo 9,500 buhwanye na 96.37% bujyanye no gushaka no gushyira abakozi mu myanya naho ubujurire 357 buhwanye na 3.62% ni ubushingiye ku micungire y’abakozi. Imibare igaragaza ko 27.1% basanze bufite ishingiro. Aya matekinika rero yose nta kindi aba agamije uretse kwikura mu isoni kuko na Leta na yo ubwayo ibizi ko igice kinini cy’ingengo y’imari gisesagurwa mu guhemba abakozi badahari cyangwa badafite ubushobozi, ibi bigatuma imishinga ya Leta ihomba itaramara kabiri, abaturage bagakomeza bagashyirwa mu bukene bukabije kugira ngo hatagira utinyuka kugaragaza ikibazo gihari. Ni kenshi abaturage bagiye binubira serivise mbi bahabwa kandi Leta iba yasohoye amafaranga atagira ingano ariko nta cyakozwe.
Uretse amafaranga atikirira imbere mu gihugu, usanga hari ingengo y’imari itagira ingano itikirira mu ngendo zikorwa mu mahanga, inyinshi zigakorwa na Perezida Kagame ndetse n’umuryango we. Dufashe urugero rwa vuba abantu benshi bakomeje kwibaza icyo Madamu Jeannette Kagame yagiye gukora muri Qatar, aho yagiye aherekejwe n’abarenga 50 badafite icyo bagiye gukora kigaragara. Ni mu gihe ku mugoroba wo ku wa Kabiri tariki ya 29 Ukwakira, uyu mugore ndetse n’abamuherekeje bageze i Doha muri Qatar aho bitabiriye inama mpuzamahanga yiga ku iterambere ry’umuryango izwi nka International Year of the Family, ibaye ku nshuro ya 30, ikaba yari iteganyijwe kuva ku itariki ya 30 kugeza ku ya 31 Ukwakira 2024, ikaba irimo kubera mu nyubako ya Qatar National Convention Center. Hakomeje rero kwibazwa ukuntu iyi nama yanitabiriwe na Minisitiri w’Uburinganire n’Iterambere ry’Umuryango, Uwimana Consolée, atahagarariye u Rwanda ahubwo hakajyanwa umubare munini wigiriye mu butembere gusa no gushimirwa ko babereye inkoramutima Jeannette Kagame bivugwa ko azanagira uruhare mu kiganiro cyiswe “Breaking the Cycle: Overcoming the Poverty Trap”, giteganyijwe kuri uyu wa Kane tariki 31 Ukwakira 2024, kikagaruka ku isano y’ibibazo byugarije umuryango n’ubukene, harimo ingaruka zo gushyingira abana batujuje imyaka y’ubukure, ibituma imiryango ishora abana mu gushyingirwa bakiri bato, ingamba zashyizweho mu guhangana n’icyo kibazo, impinduka mu ikoranabuhanga ku Isi, ibijyanye n’abimukira, imihindagurikire y’ibihe, ubwiyongere bw’abaturage n’ingaruka bigira ku iterambere ry’umuryango, nk’uko byatangajwe na Dr. Sherifa Noman Al-Emadi, Umuyobozi w’Ikigo “Doha International Family Institute”, ari nacyo cyateguye iyi nama. Ese Minisitiri Uwimana Consolée ntiyari ahagije? Ariko kugira ngo amafaranga ya Leta atikire Jeannette Kagame ntiyahatanzwe kandi ntacyo agiye agiye gukorayo kigaragara, ahubwo akagenda yitwaje ko yashinze Imbuto Foundation imaze imyaka 23, nyamara nta kindi imariye abaturage uretse kwiyegereza abo Jeannette Kagame ashaka gushyira mu butegetsi, naho abaturage bakabeshywa ko ari umuryango ukorera ubuvugizi abakobwa byahe byo kajya!
Ni muri urwo rwego rero rwo kuziba icyo cyuho, Leta yabonye ikindi kirombe cyo gucukuramo amafaranga ari cyo gusoresha amadini n’amatorero n’ubundi asanzwe atorohewe. Muri aya mezi ashize aya madini n’amatorero yatangiye gushakirwa impamvu ndetse amwe arafungwa andi arasenywa, ariko byose bigamije guhahamura abayarimo kugira ngo azasigara azabe isoko y’imari kuri Leta yamunzwe no gusesagura ibya rubanda. Leta ya Kagame ishinja amadini ko muri buri dini cyangwa itorero usangamo umwigisha wamaze kwigarurira imitima y’abayoboke bavuga ko ari we wasizwe amavuta, wigisha bagafashwa cyangwa ukora ibitangaza mu izina ry’Imana mu gihe abandi batabishobora. Uyu ngo iyo asabye amaturo buri wese arekura agatubutse Leta idafitemo ukuboko. Leta kandi ikomeza ishinja aya madini ko hari ababwira abayoboke babo ko mu gihe ntacyo bahaye Imana na bo batabona ibyo bakeneye, abandi bakigisha ibijyanye n’ibyo batekereje cyangwa imbaga yifuza kumva bagamije kubona inyungu mu idini bashinze. Ibi ngo bituma buri munsi havuka amatorero agenda atandukana n’ayari asanzweho biturutse ku makimbirane abayayoboye bagiranye.
Muri Nzeri 2024, Minisitiri w’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda n’Inshingano Mboneragihugu, Dr. Jean Damascène Bizimana, yatangaje ko hari amadini afite inyigisho zibuza abantu gukurikiza inama za muganga n’izindi gahunda za Leta zirimo no kwiteza imbere. Yongeyeho ati “Dufite abantu b’ababwirizabutumwa n’abihayimana bigisha irondabwoko ku buryo bugaragara, bigisha urwango n’ivangura.” Ni nyuma gato y’uko mu masengesho yo gusengera igihugu yabaye ku wa 15 Nzeri 2025, Perezida Kagame yari yatunze agatoki aya madini avuga ko byamaze kugaragara ko umuntu wese ushaka amafaranga ashinga idini kuko ari ho abona amafaranga atavunitse. Yavuze ko bizasuzumwa ayo mafaranga bagatangira kuyasorera. Iyi ntero rero yasamiwe hejuru kuko Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Imiyoborere, RGB, Dr. Doris Uwicyeza Picard ubwo yagezaga raporo y’ibikorwa ya 2023/2024 n’ibizakorwa mu 2024/2025 ku Nteko Ishinga Amategeko imitwe yombi, mu Nteko Rusange yari iyobowe na Kazarwa Gertulde, Perezida w’Umutwe w’Abadepite, kuri uyu wa 29 Ukwakira 2024 yagaragaje ko hari amabwiriza ari gutegurwa azaca akajagari mu madini n’amatorero. Yongeyeho ko aya mabwiriza ari hafi gusohoka azareba ibyo abanyamadini bigisha kuko harimo n’abayobya abaturage.
Dr. Uwicyeza yagaragaje kandi ko mu madini ari ho abantu binjiza amafaranga menshi mu ngeri zitandukanye n’amaturo yakwa ariko adasorerwa kuko nta tegeko ribigena ririho, ahubwo hagasora ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi ayo madini afite gusa, avuga ko ubu hari kwigwa ku buryo amafaranga amadini yinjiza yatangira gusoreshwa. Yagize ati “Ntabwo navuga ko bose bakorera amafaranga bakayagumana, ni abafatanyabikorwa bakomeye mu iterambere mu bikorwa bifatika kuko usanga imwe mu miryango ishingiye ku myemerere ifite amavuriro, amashuri, kaminuza, bafite ibikorwa bifasha abaturage byinshi ugasanga amafaranga bakuye mu bikorwa by’insengero ajyanwa muri ibyo bikorwa bindi. Hari n’amadini agiye afite ibigo by’ubucuruzi byunguka, ibyo birasoreshwa bisanzwe biriho nk’urusengero rufite hoteli, iyo hoteli ifatwa nk’ikigo cy’ubucuruzi, ibyo bisanzwe bisoreshwa”. Gusa yakomeje avuga ko harimo gutegurwa amabwiriza atazatuma inyigisho z’amadini ziyobya abantu ziranduka ndetse amadini yinjiza amafaranga akuye mu bayoboke no mu nkunga ahabwa n’abanyamahanga akwiye gutangira gusoreshwa kugira ngo yunganire Leta mu bikorwa by’iterambere.
Raporo ya RGB igaragaza ko mu byerekeye imiyoborere n’iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko, imiryango ishingiye ku myemerere iri ku gipimo cya 74.2%, icungamutungo n’imicungire y’abakozi bikaba kuri 55.7%. Nyamara ibi ntibyabujije ko mu igenzura ryakorewe insengero, imisigiti na kiliziya zirenga ibihumbi 14, izirenga 9,800 ni ukuvuga izirenga 70% zarafunzwe zishinjwa kutuzuza ibisabwa. Ibi rero birababaje cyane kuko insengero zitagera kuri 30% zasigaye zigiye kwikorezwa umuzigo wa Leta kuko amafaranga yagakoresheje iyasesagura, none abayoboke bakaba bagiye guhozwa ku nkeke yo gutanga umusoro ucibwa amadini n’amatorero babarizwamo, mu gihe batari basanzwe borohewe n’imisoro ndetse n’imisanzu basabwa bya hato na hato. Imibare igaragaza ko mu Rwanda hari amadini, amatorero n’imiryango ishingiye ku myemerere 563 irimo amadini 345 atandukanye. Aha rero Leta ikaba ariho ihanze amaso mu kuhavoma amafaranga azaziba icyuho gituruka ku isesagurwa n’inyerezwa ry’amafaranga Leta ya FPR yimakaje muri iyi myaka 30 imaze ku butegetsi. Buri wese rero arasabwa guhaguruka akamagana ubu bujura bukomeje gukorerwa abaturage.
Ahirwe Karoli