Yanditswe na Manzi Uwayo Fabrice
Mu mateka y’Isi n’ay’u Rwanda by’umwihariko hagiye hagaragazwa amatariki akumvikanwakaho ko azajya yibukwaho ikintu runaka. Ni ko twisanze hari iminsi mpuzamahanga yizihizwa buri mwaka nk’umunsi w’abagore, umunsi w’umurimo, umunsi w’amazi, umunsi w’igiti, umunsi w’ibidukikije, umunsi wo kurwanya igituntu, umunsi wo kuzirikana ku buzima bw’amaso, umunsi w’impunzi, umunsi w’abana n’indi utarondora.
Ku rundi ruhande Abanyarwanda bo hambere bagiraga umuco mwiza wo kunywanisha abantu bitaga “guca ku nda”, maze bakawutoza abana babo, nabo bakazawusigira abazabakomokaho, ndetse bashyiraho n’uburyo bufatika bwo kurinda uwo muco mwiza, aho bavugaga ko guhemukira uwo mwanywanye, bidashobora kukugwa amahoro, ndetse babishyira mu Itegeko Nshinga ritari ryanditse, wakwita mu ndimi z’amahanga “Corpus Social”. Aha rero niho hakusanyirijwe “Kirazira n’indangagaciro” z’Abanyarwanda kugira ngo hatazagira “utatira igihango”, ndetse n’uzagerageza kugitatira azahure n’ibyago bikomeye.
Iyo usesenguye neza ubuvanganzo nyemvugo bw’Abanyarwanda usangamo imigani myinshi yaba imiremire n’imigufi igaragaza ko abantu abantu bakwiye kubana neza, badahemukirana, ahubwo bagasangira akabisi n’agahiye, bagatabarana mu bihe by’akaga, bakarenganura urengana, bakunganira uwagize intege nke. Abakurambere bagize bati: «Guca ku nda n’indyarya ni ugusigira abana impyisi ugasinzira». Aha babaga bashaka gukangurira buri munyarwanda kuba maso no kudahirahira ngo anywane n’umuntu udashobotse, umuntu mubi, umuntu udashakira ibyiza abandi. Uwabikoraga bavugaga ko ari we wizize, hagira utatira igihango bagiranye, bakagira bati: «Nahore abone, uwiyishe ntaririrwa».
“Guca ku nda” cyangwa “kunywana” byari amasezerano hagati y’abantu babiri cyangwa benshi, maze bakemeranya ko babaye inshuti magara ntunsige, bagahamya ko nta n’umwe uzahemukira undi kandi ko nihagira uzabikinisha akarenga ku masezerano bagiranye, abizi kandi abishaka, igihango kizamuhitana. Kunywana rero byari bigamije kwagura umuryango no kwimakaza ubumwe kuko utashoboraga gukorwa hagati y’abavandimwe bavukana ku bw’amaraso cyangwa hagati y’umugabo n’umugore, byo byabaga byikoze.
Igihango rero cyari ikintu gikomeye mu mibanire y’Abanyarwanda, ku buryo nta wari gutinyuka guhemukira uwo banywanye. By’umwihariko, umunsi wo “kudatatira igihango” wongeye guhabwa agaciro kawo, ubwo mu gitondo cyo ku wa Mbere, tariki ya 08 Mutarama 1979, uwari Perezida wa Repubulika, Gen. Maj. Habyarimana Juvénal, yarahiriraga bwa mbere kuyobora u Rwanda, nyuma y’amatora yari yabaye ku wa 24 Ukuboza 1978, nyuma y’inzibacyuho yari yatangiye ku wa Kane, tariki ya 05 Nyakanga 1973. Kuri iyi tariki ya 08 Mutarama 1979, Perezida Habyarimana yafashe ijambo yibutsa akamaro ko kugirana igihango mu Banyarwanda, ndetse, nk’umukuru w’igihugu asaba ko iyi tariki yajya yibukwa buri mwaka nk’ ”Umunsi wo kudatatira igihango”, uyu munsi uba winjijwe mu mateka y’u Rwanda, ariko ukaba umunsi wo kuzirikana igikorwa cyo kunywana no guhana igihango wari umaze imyaka n’imyaniko uri mu Rwanda.
Icyo gihe Perezida Habyarimana yagize ati: «Ntabwo nzatatira igihango nagiranye n’Abanyarwanda». Yongeyeho ati: «Uyu munsi wa 08 Mutarama uzahora wibukwa nk’umunsi wo kudatatira igihango». Yahise kandi yikirizwa na Capitaine Nsengiyumva, afatanyije na compagnie musique, baririmbira hamwe bati : «Tuzakunda u Rwanda n’umurava twubahiriza amasezerano twagiriye imbere y’abandi». Imyaka yose yakurikiyeho iyi tariki yaributswe kugeza Perezida Habyarimana yishwe ku wa 06 Mata 1994. Azahora yibukwa nk’uwagaruye, akanaha agaciro umuco wo “kunywana” no “guhana igihango”. Azibukwa kandi ko yagiye ku butegetsi u Rwanda ruri mu kaga, mu ijoro ryo ku wa Gatatu, rishyira tariki ya 05 Nyakanga 1973, akicwa na none mu ijoro ryo ku wa Gatatu, tariki ya 06 Mata 1994, u Rwanda rukinjira mu mahano ya jenoside, atagira kibara, imbaga nyarwanda igatikira, nyamara bikarangira, FPR yiyise intwari yahagaritse jenoside, ariko bigeze ku muco wo “kudatatira igihango” iraruca irarumira, kuko yari ibizi neza ko kubanisha Abanyarwanda mu mahoro bitayireba na gato.
Uyu munsi wa 08 Mutarama wongeye gutsindagirwa ubwo na none mu 1984, Perezida Habyarimana yatenyeranyirije imbaga y’abaturage kuri Stade i Nyamirambo, yongera gusaba akomeje Abanyarwanda kudatatira igihango ngo bahemukirane. Ndetse kuko u Rwanda rwari rwugarijwe n’amapfa, asaba abaturage kwizirika umukanda, bakitabira umurimo kugira ngo biteze imbere mu mibereho myiza n’ubukungu. Nyuma y’imyaka 10, ku wa 03 Mata 1994, hari ku munsi mukuru wa Pasika, ubwo Perezida Habyarimana yasurwaga n’umuryango wa Habimana Phocas, wari inshuti ye, ndetse amuburira ko umugambi wo kumwica wacuriwe muri Burkina Faso, amwingingira gusubika urugendo yari afite mu minsi itatu yari imbere, yagombaga kugirira i Dar-Es-Salaam muri Tanzania, ariko kubera kwanga “gutatira igihango yagiranye n’Abanyarwanda”, iyo nama yayiteye utwatsi ajyayo, yerekana ko ibyo yavugaga yanabyemeraga.
Aganira n’umuryango wa Habimana Phocas yagize ati: «Hari inama mpuzamahanga iziga uko amahoro yagaruka mu Rwanda, bityo rero sinagenza umugongo imbere y’umurimo wanjye w’ibanze kandi amahoro niyo mpamvu yo kuba ngifite ruseke». Ibi tubisanga mu buhamya bwa Nyirasafari Gaudence, mu gitabo cyanditswe na Jeanne Habyarimana acyita «Mon père, cette partie de moi qu’on m’arraché ». Muri make Perezida Habyarimana yabibutsaga ko adateze « gutatira igihango » yagiranye n’Abanyarwanda, kabone n’iyo byamusaba kuhasiga ubuzima.
Ababikurikiraniye hafi bongeraho kandi ko Perezida Habyarimana yari yaranaburiwe na mugenzi we wari umukuru w’igihugu icyo gihe bitaga Zaïre, Mobutu Sese Seko, cyaje guhinduka RDC, uyu munsi yabaye isibaniro ry’intambara iki gihugu gikomeje gushorwamo na Paul Kagame, ugamije kwisahurira.
Ibi byose ni ibyerekana ko Perezida Habyarimana yazirikanaga igihango yagiranye n’Abanyarwanda, yemera kujya gushakira u Rwanda amahoro, ariko abanzi b’amahoro yashakaga ntibamurebeye izuba, ku wa Gatatu, tariki ya 06 Mata 1994, indege yarimo yarahanuwe, apfana na Perezida w’u Burundi, Cyprien Ntaryamira, n’abandi benshi basize imiborogo mu miryango yabo, no ku Banyarwanda muri rusange.
Kugeza na n’ubu Ubutabera Mpuzamahanga bwananiwe kwemeza bidasubirwaho uwahanuye iriya ndege, nyamara ku ikubitiro, abambari ba FPR bigambye ihanurwa ryayo. Icyo gihe umwicanyi ruharwa Paul Kagame yarabajije ati: «Iyo ndege yarimo iki, ku buryo buri wese byamutangaje?», Gen. James Kabarebe uherutse guhishurira Abanyarwanda n’isi yose ibyerekeranye n’ishingwa rya “Killing machine”, nawe yabyigambye inshuro utabara, ariko amahanga abyima amatwi.
Si n’ibi gusa kuko abatangabuhamya batandukanye nka Mugabe Jean Pierre, Lt Abdul Ruzibiza n’abandi bahoze ari abasirikare ba FPR bakomeje gutanga ukuri ku ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida Habyarimana, ariko ntibyahabwa agaciro gakwiye. Uwahoze ari inshuti y’akadasohoka ya FPR, Valens Kajeguhakwa, yageze aho abyiyandikira mu gitabo cye, nabwo amahanga abyima amaso.
Twibukiranye ko u Rwanda rwari rumaze imyaka mu ntambara yatangijwe na FPR-Inkotanyi, ku ya 01 Ukwakira 1990, igakura mu byabo abarenga miliyoni bo muri perefegitura za Byumba na Ruhengeri. Kuva iyi ntambara yatangira inzirakarengane z’abaturage n’abanyepolitiki bakomeje kwicwa kugira ngo icyasha gisigwe ubutegetsi bwariho, akaba ari wo muvuno urimo gukoreshwa muri RDC aho ingabo za RDF na M23 zica inzirakarengane ngo byitirirwe Leta, ariko amahanga yamenye iki kinyoma agikubitira ahakubuye.
Imfu z’abanyepolitiki nka Emmanuel Gapyisi, Félicien Gatabazi n’abandi baragaragaje ko badashyigikiye imigambi mibisha ya FPR-Inkotanyi, zagaragaje ko nta mugambi ufatika yari kugira ku Banyarwanda, akaba ari nacyo cyatumye imara gufata ubutegetsi, icyari umuco wo kudatatira igihango gihita gishyirwa mu bishingwe, ahubwo himakazwa akarengane no guhonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu, kwigwizaho imitungo ya rubanda, kunyereza, gufunga no kwica uwo ari we wese uvuga ibyo FPR idashaka kumva ku mabi ikorera u Rwanda.
Kuba FPR yarahisemo kuniga uyu munsi wo kudatatira igihango bwari uburyo bwo guhishira ubwicanyi ndengakamere bwagwiriye u Rwanda muri jenoside yakurikiye urupfu rwa Perezida Habyarimana.
Abanyarwanda bakwiye gusubira ku isoôko maze bakongera kuzirikana ibyiza by’uyu munsi wa 08 Mutarama, umunsi wo gufata umwanya tukazirikana ku rugero twahawe n’abatubanjirije, bahisemo kwimakaza umuco wo “kunywana” no “kudatatira igihango”.
Kuba abakurambere barahisemo uyu muco utagira uwo bisa wo gutuma Abanyarwanda babana batishishanya, nta n’umwe uhohotera undi, ni iby’agaciro gakomeye, ariko ikigaragara ni uko abambari ba FPR badashishikajwe no gushakira amahoro u Rwanda, bahisemo kwica igihumeka cyose mu gihe cyitambitse imbere y’umugambi mubisha wayo wo kumarira ku icumu Abanyarwanda. Byose bigaterwa n’ipfunwe kuko isi yose yamaze kubona ko FPR ari indyarya yatatiye igihango n’icyizere Abanyarwanda babanje kuyigirira.
N’ubwo umuco wo kunywana wafashe indi sura, bitewe ni uko ibihe bigenda bisimburana, ibyo “guca ku nda” bigasimburwa n’inyandiko yitwa amasezerano ashyizweho imikono na ba nyirubwite, ntibikwiye ko umuco wo “kudatatira igihango” ucika. Amasezerano yasimbuye “guhana igihango” ni menshi, nk’urugero twavuga umugabo n’umugore biyemeza kubana akaramata bamaze kwambikana impeta, abayobozi bo bakarahiririra ku Karubanda ko bazarangiza neza inshingano ao gukorera abaturage n’abashumba baragiye intama za Nyagasani bagakora amasezerano yo kwiyegurira uwo murimo ubuzima bwabo bwose. Ibi ntibikuraho ko ugerageje “gutatira igihango” bimusama, kandi ingaruka zimugeraho zikaba mbi cyane.
Kuri uyu munsi wa 08 Mutarama, dukwiye kuzirikana abatubanjirije baranzwe n’ubwitange, tugaha icyubahiro abakurambere b’intwari bitanze batizigama, bagahanga uru Rwanda, rukavamo ubukombe. Dukwiye kandi kuzirikana abayobozi bakomeje kuba hafi abo bayobora, babashakira icyiza, babashishikariza kugira ubumwe, gutsura amajyambere no kugira amahoro arambye. Ntitwakwibagirwa kandi abayobozi mu bya Roho, batigeze batererana intama bari bashinzwe, mu gihe ibirura byari bizigose ngo biziconcomere.
Uwakora urutonde rw’Abanyarwanda bagiye banga “gutatira igihango” ntiyarurangiza kuko ari rurerure. Dusanga rero uyu munsi wa 08 Mutarama ukwiye kuba uwo kubibuka no kubafatiraho urugero rwiza badusigiye. Dukwiye gufatana urunana, tugafatana mu mugongo, kugira ngo tubashe kwivana mu rwobo rwa Bayanga, FPR-Inkotanyi yatayemo u Rwanda, ikaba itanafite gahunda yo kunamura icumu.
Dushoje rero twifuriza Abanyarwanda bose n’abakunda u Rwanda bose umunsi mwiza wo “kudatatira igihango”, kugira ngo ubabere umunsi wo gukomeza kuzirikana ibyiza by’Impinduramatwara Gacanzigo, kuko ari yo yagarura byuzuye umuco wo “kunywana”, maze tukazaraga abazadukomokaho igihugu cyiza, igihugu kitagira inzangano, umwiryane na munyangire, igihugu kizira intamabara umunyarwanda arwana n’undi, igihugu kirangwa n’ituze, ubutabera, kwishyira ukizana no kubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu.
FPR, WIMAKAJE UMUCO WO GUTATIRA IGIHANGO, GIRA WIGENDERE, NTITUZAGUKUMBURA
Manzi Uwayo Fabrice