U RWANDA MURI CENTRAFRIQUE : IKIHISHE INYUMA N’IKI ? Igice cya kabiri

Yanditswe na Nyangoga Hervé Oscar : Umusomyi w’Ijisho ry’Abaryankuna

Igice cya Kabiri : Kwinjira ku Rwanda mu bibazo bya Centrafrique mu mpera za 2020

Ku cyumweru tariki ya 20 ukuboza 2020, u Rwanda rwatangaje ko rwohereje ingabo zarwo muri Centrafrique. Hoherejwe Ingabo zo mu mutwe udasanzwe kandi zitagiye uko bimenyerewe mu butumwa bwa ONU, n’ubwo havuzwe ko ari ukubwunganira. Izo ngabo zagiye mu rwego rw’amasezerano y’ubufatanye hagati ya Centrafrique n’u Rwanda. Ibi bikaba byarabaye hasigaye icyumweru mbere y’icyiciro cya mbere cy’amatora ya perezida wa repubulika yo ku wa 27 Ukuboza 2020.

Umwuka wabanjirije ayo matora ntiwabaye mwiza. Umwe mu bakandida bari bitezwe guhatanira amatora, akaba yarahoze ari Perezida wa Centrafrique, François Bozizé ntiyemerewe guhatanira amatora. Abandi biyamamazaga bavugaga ko amatora adateguwe neza, ko umutekano utari wose, ko igice kinini cy’igihugu kigenzurwa n’inyeshyamba, kidashobora gukorwamo amatora.  Ibintu byakomeye ubwo imitwe 6 y’inyeshyamba ubusanzwe yari ihanganganye, yishyize hamwe ku wa 17 ukuboza 2020 ikiyita Coalition des Patriotes pour le Changement (CPC). Ugenekereje mu kinyarwanda ni ihuriro ry’abakunzi b’igihugu bashaka impinduka. CPC yavuze ko niba amatora atimuwe izagaba ibitero igafata umugi wa Bangui. Nyuma kandi byagaragaye ko Bozizé ari inyuma ya CPC ndetse ku munsi w’amatora yemera ko ayishigikiye.

Kuba u Rwanda rwarinjiye mu kibazo cya Centrafrique rugaragaza ko rushyigikiye Perezida Touadera n’indi ntera byafashe. Ubusanzwe abagiye mur rwego rwa ONU basabwa kwifata muri politiki y’imbere mu gihugu bagiyemo. Hano u Rwanda mu gihe cy’amatora ruri inyuma ya Perezida Touadera.

Ubusanzwe igihugu cya Tchad nicyo cyari gifite uruhare mu kibazo cya Centrafrique kuva mu mwaka wa 2003. Birumvikana ko Tchad itashoboraga kubikora itabiganiriye n’ubufaransa. Kubera politiki y’imbere muri France, politike ya France muri Afurika yabaye mayirabiri. Ku ruhande rumwe hagomba kwerekana ko bashyigikiye amajyambere, uburenganzira bwa muntu. Ku rundi ruhande hari inyungu zigombwa kwitabwaho kandi bisaba gufata neza abanyagitugu bayobora nyinshi mu bihugu by’Afurika bivuga igifaransa

Tchad iyoborwa n’umunyagitugu Maréchal Idriss Déby Itno kuva muri 1990 ni umufatanyabikorwa ukomeye wa France bufiteyo inkambi n’ibikoresho bya gisilikare bikomeye. Cyane cyane muri kibazo cy’intangondwa zitwaza Islam zirwanira muri Sahel, n’iziri mu mutwe wa Boko Haram. Tchad ifite abasilikare bazi kurwana kandi bashobora gupfa ku bwinshi nta kibazo cya politiki biteye muri Tchad. Mu gihe muri France, buri musilikare upfuye biganirwaho, abanyapolitiki bakabaza impamvu abasilkare babo bagwa mu ntambara zibera kure n’inyungu zirimo.

Kubera icyo kiguzi Tchad itanga, bisa nk’aho yari yarahawe rugali muri Afurika yo hagati cyane ibibera muri Centrafrique. Igitangaje n’uko u Rwanda rwohereje abasilikare muri Centrafrique bisa nk’ibyatunguye Tchad. Hari amakuru yavuzwe ko Tchad yaba yarohereje abasilikare bo gufasha inyeshyamba nyuma  yaho u Rwanda rwohereje abasilikare barwo. Ariko Tchad yarabihakanye, ivuga ko ntawemerewe kwivanga gisilikare (ingérence militaire) mu bibazo bya Centrafrique. Tchad ikaba yaratungaga agatoki u Rwanda. Tchad yongeyeho ko ibikorwa byose byo muri Tchad bigomba kwemerwa binyuze mu nzira ya CEEAC (umuryango w’ibihugu byo muri Afurika yo hagati), byananirana bikazamuka muri Union Africaine. Iyi nzira ikaba ariyo ikoreshwa muri buri karere k’Afurika kagize ibibazo.

U Rwanda rero ntirwanyuze muri iyi nzira. Igitangaje kurushaho, ntirwigeze rwitabira inama 2 za nyuma za CEEAC zize ikibazo cya Centrafrique. Hari Inama yabereye Libreville kuwa 27 Ugushyingo 2020, n’iyabaye hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ku wa 26 Ukuboza 2020. Nta n’impamvu batanze.

Nyuma y’aho ingabo z’u Rwanda zigereye muri Centrafrique zitangiye gucunga umutekano wa Perezida Touadera, uyu yahise yivana mu masezerano yari yagiranye n’inyeshyamba atabiganiriyeho na CEEAC.

Perezida wa CEEAC akaba na Perezida wa Congo yavuze ko nyuma y’amatora hagomba gusubukurwa ibiganiro kugirango ikibazo cya Centrafrique n’inyeshyamba kirangire. Abasesenguzi bose ubona ko bafata amatora yabaye nk’ikibi cyoroheje (moindre mal) ariko leta yaba iyobora umugi wa Bangui ntaho yageza Centrafrique. Kandi bidakemuwe icyo gihugu cyacikamo ibindi.

Uruhare rwa France ntirurasobanuka neza cyane cyane ku buryo yafashe iyoherezwa ry’izo ngabo muri Centrafrique. Ku mugaragaro France yavuze ko itifuza intambara, ikora n’umwiyerakano w’indege wabereye hejuru ya Bangui. Birazwi ko u Rwanda na France babyukije umubano, Perezida Macron ntasiba kuvuga neza Paul Kagame. Byaba bitangaje u Rwanda rwarohereje abasilikare France itabizi. France rero isa nk’igendera ku magi kugirango idateza ikibazo ku bafatanyabikorwa bayo basa nk’aho bari kugonganira muri Centrafrique.

Ubusanzwe rero Touadera afitanye umubano mwiza na Russia, ariyo ubwayo imurindira ku buryo budasubirwaho umutekano. Akenshi ibihugu by’uburayi harimo France, ntibyakunze kureba neza ibikorwa bya Russia muri Centrafrique.

Bishoboka ko muri iki gihe France na Russia byaba byaremeye ko u Rwanda rujyayo ku nyungu zitandukanye. Kuri France bikaba nko gucanga amakarita kugirango habe hagabanywa imbaraga za Tchad muri Centrafrique. Kuri Russia, kuba u Rwanda rugaragara imbere bya nyirarureshwa, bituma Russia idakomeza kuvugwa cyane muri icyo gihugu kandi ihari.

Ku Rwanda, nta nyungu ifatika rwavana muri Centrafrique. Uretse yayindi yo kwigaragaza, kwifotoza kugirango bakomeze kubeshya abanyarwanda ko ari igihugu gikomeye. Byanashoboka ko wenda baba bakeka ko inyeshyamba ziyobowe na Bozizé zifashe Centrafrique, ko byatuma abasilikare babo bari muri ONU batagira umutekano. Kuko Bozizé watashye muri 2019 yaje avuye muri Uganda.  Bozizé yatashye bitunguranye, dore ko yari yarafatiwe ibihano harimo n’ingendo na ONU. Centrafrique na Uganda nta mupaka bafitanye. Bozizé ntiyari kuva Kampala n’indege cyangwa ubundi buryo, inzego z’iperereza zitabizi. Umuntu yakwibutsa ko inyeshyamba zirwanya Uganda za Joseph Kony zashinze ibirindiro mu burasirazuba bwa Centrafrique zimaze kumeneshwa muri Uganda. Uganda ikaba ari ikibazo ikurikirana kiyiha kugira inyungu muri Centrafrique.

Mu by’ubukungu nta nyungu u Rwanda rwavanamo, nubwo mu rugendo Minisitire Biruta yagiriye muri Centrafrique ku wa 8 Mutarama 2021, yatangaje ko u Rwanda rugiye gufasha birambye Centrafrique mw’iterambere no mu mutekano. Havuzwe ibya Uranium u Rwanda rwaba rukurikiye muri Centrafrique ahitwa Bakouma. Ariko biragoye cyane kurusha gukama ikimasa, ko bavanayo Uranium. Société yari ikomeye ku rwego rw’isi mu ngufu za Nucléaire yashoyeyo imali birangira bahombye kuko ibyo birombe nta musaruro wa Uranium ufatika bifite.

Mu kurangiza, icyibazo cyititondewe ngo gikemurwe mu biganiro kandi mu bwumvikane bw’abanyagihugu n’ibihugu by’amahanga bifitemo uruhare, iyi ntambara yamera nk’iyananiranye muri Yémen. Ingabo za Saudi Arabia zifite ibikoresho bikomeye mu bya mbere kw’isi zigiye kumara imyaka 6 zirwana zitarafata na 1/3 cya Yemen. Zijyayo byagombaga kumara amezi atarenze 2.

U Rwanda nta bushobozi bwo kurwana n’inyeshyamba z’umwuga mu gihugu kingana na France, Belgique na Suisse ubiteranyije. Inyeshyamba zirwana iwabo, kandi zitigeze zikora akandi kazi uretse kurwana. N’igihugu kinini kitagira imihanda myinshi, nta bibuga by’indege. Hari uwabyitiranya n’intambara ya RD Congo ya mbere yo muri 1996. Icyo gihe u Rwanda rwagiyemo na Uganda bafite umugambi wo kujya Kinshasa no kugera ku bukungu. Nubwo igihugu cyari cyarazambye imihanda, ibibuga by’indege bigera Kinshasa, no ku nganda, ibirombe by’amabuye y’agaciro byari bihari. Muri Centrafrique u Rwanda rugiye mu kurwana gusa byaba ari ukujya gufata amashyamba n’ibihuru bidatuwe bitagira icyo bimarira. Abanyarwanda nibitondere inkuru zo kwamamaza u Rwanda bahora babwirwa mu binyamakuru bya leta, kuko zihabanye n’ukuri. Iterambere batabonye mu gihugu, ntaryo u Rwanda ruzakora muri Centrafrique, nta n’iterambere irizava muri Centrafrique rije kuzamura u Rwanda.

Nyangoga Hervé Oscar

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