Yanditswe na BUREGEYA Benjamin
«La Justice n’est pas vengeance», ugenekereje mu Kinyarwanda bivuga ngo « ubutabera si ukwihorera », ni amagambo yavugiwe mu rukiko, na Maj. Nsabimana Callixte Sankara, ubwo yari amaze gusabirwa ibihano n’ubushinjacyaha, birenze ibyo yari yiteze, biturutse ku masezerano bagiranye yitwa “pre- bargaining”. Muri aya masezerano, Ubushinjacyaha bwaramwegereye bumusaba kwemera ibyaha ndetse agashinja bagenzi be, nabwo bukazamusabira igihano gito gishoboka ariko amaze gukora ibyo yari yabwemereye byose bwo buramuhinduka, bumusabira gufungwa imyaka 25, akatirwa n’Urukiko Rukuru gufungwa imyaka 20, na none mu bujurire ubushinjacyaha bwongera kumusabira gufungwa imyaka 25.
Ubusanzwe mu mategeko yo mu Rwanda harimo Itegeko Nº 30/2013 ryo kuwa 24/5/2013 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha ndetse n’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 13/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, nta na hamwe bemera ko umuntu wahanishijwe igihano runaka agera mu bujurire kikongerwa. Aha rero ubushinjacyaha bwarabyirengagije bumusabira gufungwa imyaka 25, kandi mbere yahanishijwe gufungwa imyaka 20. Uku kwirengagiza amategeko niko kugiye koreka igihugu cyose.
Kuri uyu wa Mbere, tariki ya 21 Gashyantare 2022, nibwo urubanza ruregwamo Sankara na bagenzi be rwapfundikiwe, maze ubushinjacyaha buhawe ijambo busaba ibihano biruta kure ibyari byatanzwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, kuko igihano gito mbere cyari ugufungwa imyaka 3, ariko mu bihano bishya byasabiwe abaregwa, ikirimo gito ni ugufungwa imyaka 15. Aha rero niho hagaragariye ko ibyo ubushinjacyaha burimo butabizi.
Uru rubanza rwari rugeze ku ntera ya nyuma kuko uretse guseswa, rudashobora kongera kujuririrwa ukundi. Ukibaza rero ukuntu ubushinjacyaha bwihanukira bugasabira Sankara gufungwa imyaka 25 bwirengagije akazi yabukoreye katumye hafatwa benshi, hanamenyekana uko umugambi wo gukora ibyaha wacuzwe, dore ko yanaburanaga yemera ibyaha byose yaregwaga, ariko ubushinjacyaha bwo bumutaba mu nama ako kanya.
Abakurambere baciye umugani ngo “guca ku nda n’indyarya ni ugusigira abana impyisi ugasinzira”. Sankara ntiyatinze kubona ko yabeshywe n’abantu batifitiye icyizere, ahubwo baca imanza bakurikije uko babwiwe. Ibyo kwitega ko abacamanza bo mu Rwanda bazageraho bagakoresha ukuri biri kure nk’ukwezi.
Kuba uru rubanza rwari rugeze ku ntera ya nyuma, bivuze ko imyanzuro izava mu bujurire nta rundi rukiko izajuririrwamo, ahubwo izaba ibaye ntakuka. Nyuma y’ibihano binyuranye byari byahawe abaregwa ku wa 20 Nzeri 2021, benshi mu baregwa barajuriye, bamwe basaba kugirwa abere, abandi basaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano, kuko bemezaga ko babihawe mu buryo budatanga ubutabera buboneye, bakavuga ko biremereye cyane. Ibi ubushinjacyaha siko bwabibonaga, ahubwo bwabonaga haratanzwe bito, busaba ibiri hejuru.
Mbere y’uko iburanisha ripfundikirwa, ubushinjacyaha bwasabye ibihano byikubye kenshi ibyari byatanzwe, kuko nabwo bwari bwabijuririye. Nibwo Maj. Callixte Sankara yahise asabirwa gufungwa imyaka 25 ivuye kuri 20 yari yahanishijwe mbere. Birumvikana ko amategeko yari yongeye guhonyorwa na bene yo.
Uru rukiko kandi rwasabwe gufunga burundu Paul Rusesabagina, wanikuye mu rubanza kuva rugitangira, na Nizeyimana Marc wari umusirikare mukuru muri FLN. Paul Rusesabagina yikuye mu rubanza ntiyanajurira, avuga ko atizeye kuba yahabwa ubutabera. Kuba rero bwa mbere yarahanishijwe gufungwa imyaka 25, ariko kuri iyi nshuro agasabirwa gufungwa ubuzima bwe bwose, ni ikimenyetso simusiga ko ibyo yavugaga byari byo. Nta butabera buba mu Rwanda. Handitse amategeko ariko ntakurikizwa. Aramutse akurikizwa ubushinjacyaha ntibwatinyuka gusaba ibihano biremereye ku byari byatanzwe kandi amategeko biyandikiye atari ko abiteganya. Mu nkiko zo mu Rwanda habaho guhonyora amategeko bitewe n’amabwiriza.
Ku ruhande rwe Nsabimana Callixte Sankarayasabaga kugabanyirizwa ibihano avuga ko yafashije ubutabera kugenza ibyaha bashinjwa, ndetse akaburangira aho abakoze ibyaha bari n’uko babikoze. Yari yijejwe kuzagabanyirizwa ibihano, agahabwa bito cyane, ariko yakubiswe n’inkuba yumvise ibyo yasabiwe. Kuba yaraburanye yemera ibyaha byose yashinjwaga, niho yahereye avuga ko ubutabera atari ukwihorera, ndetse asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kutazaha agaciro ubusabe bw’ubushinjacyaha, we yita abagambanyi.
Ni urubanza kandi rwaranzwe no kudahuza kw’abaregera indishyi kuko bavugaga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwabasabiye indishyi nkeya cyane zidahuye n’ibyangijwe, bakavuga ko zagabanyijwe bikabije. Ku ruhande rw’abaregwa, uru rubanza rwakomatanyije abakekwagaho ibyaha 21, akaba ari urubanza rumaze umwaka urenga ruburanishwa mu mizi, ariko kuri bamwe ikaba igiye kuba ibiri kuko hari abari baratangiye kuburanishwa mbere y’uko hakomatanyirizwa hamwe imanza zitandukanye.
Uretse Nsabimana Callixte Sankara, abandi bajuriye ni Nsengimana Herman, Nshimiyimana Emmanuel, Iyamuremye Emmanuel, Kwitonda André, Hakizimana Théogène, Ndagijimana Jean de Dieu, Nsanzubukire Félicien, Munyaneza Anastase, Nikuze Siméon, Ntabanganyimana Joseph, Nsabimana Jean Damascène na Angelina Mukandutiye, ari nawe mugore umwe rukumbi wari muri uru rubanza, nawe akaba akomeje gutakamba asaba kurekurwa, ngo mu zabukuru ze ajye gufatanya n’abandi kubaka igihugu.
Inkuru dukesha BBC n’Ijwi ry’Amerika, byose bigaruka ku mikirize y’uru rubanza, bigaruka kuri Rusesabagina Paul utarigeze yitabira urubanza, ariko akaba yasabiwe gufungwa burundu, nyamara mbere yari yakatiwe gufungwa imyaka 25, ibintu bitabaho mu mategeko y’u Rwanda, bikerekana ko ubutabera butigenga. Icyatunguye abantu ni uko byageze mu bujurire Rusesabagina ahimbirwa ibindi byaha bibiri ari byo gukora iterabwoba aho kugira uruhare mu bukorwa by’iterabwoba byakozwe n’abandi, nk’uko byari byavuzwe mu Rukiko Rukuru. Yongerewemo kandi icyaha cyo gutera inkunga imitwe y’iterabwoba. Ibi nabyo ntibijyanye n’amategeko mpuzamahanga u Rwanda rwashyizeho umukono kuko kongera ibyaha bitemewe mu bujurire. Nibyo byatumye asabirwa gufungwa ubuzima bwe bwose kimwe na Nizeyimana Marcwari ufite ipeti rya Colonel muri FLN. Sankara nawe yasabiwe kongererwa igihano nyuma yo kongeramo icyaha gishya cyo kurema umutwe w’ingabo, ariko mu ijwi rituje avuga ko byose abisabira imbabazi.
Nsabimana yavuze ko ibyo abashinjacyaha bifuza bibabaje kuko utahana umuntu ugamije kumwumvisha gusa, ahubwo uba ugamije kumugorora, kandi bikaba bitandukanye n’isezerano bamuhaye ubwo bamusabaga gufasha ubutabera, nabwo bukazamufasha kugabanyirizwa ibihano, ariko bukaza kumwihinduka. Yashoje asaba imbabazi abantu bose bagizweho ingaruka n’ibitero bya FLN, abwira Urukiko ko amarira yarira atasubiza ibintu inyuma, ariko ko uyu munsi yicuza, asaba urukiko kutazita ku busabe bw’ubucamanza. Herman Nsengimana, nawe wabaye umuvugizi wa FLN yasabiwe imyaka 20 aho kuba 5 yari yakatiwe mbere.
Muri uru rubanza kandi ubushinjacyaha bwasabiye abaregwa bose kongererwa ibihano, kugeza ubwo abo Urukiko rwa mbere rwari rwasabiye gufungwa imyaka 3 na 5 bose basabiwe kuzamurirwa ibihano, bikagera ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15, ari nayo mike yasabwe. Aha rero niho bagaragarije ko ubutabera bwabo ari ntabwo ahubwo bugamije kwihorera. Niko FPR ikora! Urubanza ruzasomwa ku itari ya 21 Werurwe 2022.
BUREGEYA Benjamin
Intara y’Uburasirazuba.