Intangiriro
Mu bisobanuro rusange Jenoside ni ukwica abantu b’itsinda rimwe ugamije kubarimbura bose cyangwa igice cyabo; gushyiraho gahunda ituma abantu b’itsinda rimwe batabyara ngo bororoke ugamije ko barimbuka bose cyangwa igice cyabo; gukomeretsa bikabije umubiri cyangwa intekerezo z’abantu b’itsinda rimwe ugamije ko barimbuka bose cyangwa igice cyabo; gushyira itsinda ry’abantu mu buzima bubi ugamije ko barimbuka bose cyangwa igice cyabo; Kwambura itsinda ry’abantu abana babo, ukabaha andi matsinda adafite aho ahuriye nabo ugamije kurizimya burundu ryose cyangwa igice cyaro. Ibi bikorwa byose bishobora kwibasira abantu bahuje ubwoko, bahuje ubwenegihugu, bahuje ibara ry’uruhu, bahuje imyemere cyangwa idini. Kugira ngo jenoside ibeho irategurwa.
Ukurikije uko abanyamategeko n’abandi bahanga babivuga nk’uko tubibonye aha hejuru, mu Rwanda habaye jenoside. Kuko habayeho ubwicanyi bwari bugamije kurimbura Abanyarwanda bari mu cyiswe ubwoko bw’Abatutsi. Ikibigaragaza ko byari ukurimbura ni uko umuntu wese witwaga umututsi cyangwa uwitwaga ko ari we kubera ko asa nabo, cyangwa abyiswe n’abashaka kumwica cyangwa abari mu kindi gice (cyane cyane abari mu cyiswe ubwoko bw’Abahutu) bagerageje guhisha abo bitwaga Abatutsi bakamenyekana cyangwa bakagerageza gutambamira icyo gikorwa cy’ubwicanyi, nabo baricwaga! Yaba umwana muto uyu w’uruhinja rumaze umunsi umwe cyangwa uw’igitambambuga, yaba umusaza cyangwa umukecuru rukukuri, yaba umurwayi uyu urimo serumu cyangwa uwo bavuga ko abura izuba rimwe, yaba umusazi uyu bavuga ko abana n’ubumuga bwo mu mutwe, bose baricwaga bazira ko ari Abatutsi.
Ikindi kandi kigaragaza ko abicaga bari bagamije kurimbura ikiswe ubwoko ni uko nta mbabazi bagiraga! Umuntu yicaga uwamubyaye muri batisimu, Mwarimu wamwigishije, Muganga wamuvuye, Pasiteri cyangwa Padiri wamubatije hari n’abicaga n’abo bari barashakanye! Ubu bwicanyi butagira uwo busiga mu itsinda runaka ry’abantu bwerekana ko ari Jenoside. Kuba mu Rwanda muri 1994, ubu bwicanyi bwaratoranyaga abiswe Abatutsi gusa, Abaryankuna bemera ko ari “Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi”.
Ikibabaje kuruta ibindi ni uko ubwo bwicanyi bwakorewe Abanyarwanda bugakorwa n’abandi banyarwanda, kandi usesenguye neza wasanga Abanyarwanda bose ari ubwoko bumwe kuko iyo wumvise ibiranga ibyiswe amako nk’uko ba gashakabuhake babyise: Abahutu, Abatwa n’Abatutsi, mu ndimi zabo bavuze ko ari “Ethnie” basemuye mu Kinyarwanda babyita amoko. Batubwiye ibiranga abantu bagize ubwo bwoko (Ethnie) dusanga mu Rwanda ntabihari, ariko ntibyabujije ko Abanyarwanda bamarana babishingiyemo kandi barimo aba banyabwenge! Igiteye agahinda ni uko na n’ubu hari abakibyubakiyeho.
Ubusanzwe ijambo “race” mu ndimi z’amahanga risobanura itsinda ry’abantu bahuje imiterere y’umubiri nk’uruhu, imiterere y’ubwoya, imisatsi n’ibindi bigaragara inyuma, ni rimwe mu ryahujwe n’ubwoko mu Rwanda, ndetse abazungu bo ntibatinye no kugerageza kurihuza n’ibi by’Abatutsi, Abahutu n’Abatwa. Ariko nyuma baje kubona ko ntaho rihuriye n’iryo mu Kinyarwanda ryitwa ubwoko, bararireka.
Ijambo “ethnie” naryo mu Kinyarwanda ryahujwe n’ubwoko, nyamara ubundi risobanura itsinda ry’abantu bihariye ubutaka runaka, bahuje byinshi mu bishingiye ku muco nk’umuco ubwawo, indangagaciro, imiziro, imigenzo, imyemerere y’iyobokamana n’ururimi. Akenshi ururimi nirwo rugira agaciro cyane mu kugena abahuje iki kitwa ubwoko nka “ethnie”. Ukurikije rero iki gisobanuro, Abanyarwanda wabashyira mu bwoko (Ethnie) bumwe gusa kuko nta tsinda na rimwe muri aya y’Abahutu, Abatwa n’Abatutsi rifite ibyo biranga icyo kitwa ethnie ryihariye ryonyine. Tutagiye kure nta rurimi rw’igihutu, urw’igitutsi cyangwa urw’igitwa tuzi ku isi nzima!
Ijambo “Clan” naryo risobanura ubwoko mu Kinyarwanda, ariko rikaba rivuga itsinda ry’abantu bakomoka k’umukurambere wabo wa kera bazi cyangwa se batanazi. Akenshi aba bakunda kugira ikiranga-bwoko cyabo bubaha kandi bakaziririza. Nko mu Rwanda Abasinga, Abega, Abanyiginya, Abasindi n’ayandi ni yo ari muri iki kiciro ndetse ni nayo moko y’Abanyarwanda mu mwimerere w’Ijambo Ubwoko mu Kinyarwanda. Aya moko usanga Abanyarwanda bayahuriyeho bose ushobora kubona umusinga wiswe umuhutu, umusinga wiswe umututsi n’umusinga wiswe umutwa! Ariko kubera ko abazungu batwigishije gusoma batatwigishije gutekereza, usanga ibyo abenshi mu banyarwanda bakigendera mu mitekerereze ya biriya byiswe amoko ya Hutu, Twa na Tutsi ntacyo bibabwiye! Igihe kirageze ngo dusubize agatima impembero.
Tugarutse ku byo twariho, kuba igice kimwe cy’Abanyarwanda cyarapfuye kandi kikicwa n’abandi banyarwanda, Abaryankuna bemera ko u Rwanda rwapfushije kabiri. Rwabuze abishwe n’abishe, kuko ntiwakwica umuvandimwe ngo wowe ukeke ko uri muzima. Bityo nk’uko Umuryankuna w’Umushumi Niyomugabo Nyamihirwa yabivuze, “Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi si ishyano ryagwiriye Abatutsi, ahubwo ni ishyano ryagwiriye u Rwanda.” Kubw’iyo mpamvu, Abaryankuna basanga mbere y’uko habaho izindi nzitwazo izo arizo zose, kwibuka no kuzirikana jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bireba Abanyarwanda bose, bose, bose nta n’umwe uvuyemo, kandi bakagombye kubikora bari mu mwuka umwe.
Abaryankuna kandi bemera ko mu Rwanda habaye ubundi bwicanyi ndengakamere bwibasiye n’abandi banyarwanda baba abo mu kiswe ubwoko bw’Abatwa no mu kiswe ubw’Abahutu mu bihe byinshi no mu buryo bwinshi. N’ubwo bumwe muri ubu bwicanyi bwakozwe n’ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi cyangwa abasiviri zari zihagarikiye butiswe jenoside ariko birashobora ko ababuguyemo bashobora kuba bunaruta cyane abo mu kiswe ubwoko bw’Abatutsi baguye muri jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ariko nanone ntawarenza ingohe uruhare rwa FPR muri iyo jenoside yemejwe ko yakorewe Abatutsi. Nkuko byavuzwe na nyakwigendera Kizito Mihigo nawe ubarirwa mu baryankuna b’Umushumi, “Abo bavandimwe nabo ni abantu, tugomba kubibuka no kubazirikana.”
Aba nabo kimwe n’ababishe, nabo ni igihombo u Rwanda rwagize. Rukaba rwarahombye abishwe kimwe n’ababishe. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe abiswe Abahutu, Abaryankuna bemera ko atari ishyano ryabagwiriye bonyine ko ahubwo ari ishyano ryagwiriye u Rwanda. Bityo Abanyarwanda bose, bose, bose nta n’umwe uvuyemo, tukaba tugomba kubibuka turi mu mwuka umwe! Kwibuka inzirakarengane zose, ubwicanyi n’andi mahano yose yibasiye Abanyarwanda mu bihe byinshi no mu buryo butandukanye bikozwe n’abandi banyarwanda ni bumwe mu buryo bwinshi bwo gutanga ikizere ko u Rwanda rw’ejo rushobora kuzaba ishyanga rya bose kandi ry’igihe cyose!
UKO ABARYANKUNA BABONA KWIBUKA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI BYAKAGOMBYE KUGENDA.
1. Uburyo Abanyarwanda bibukamo, Abaryankuna babona ko butanoze na gato kandi budashobora gutanga umusaruro ucyenewe kubera ko batibuka ubwabo ahubwo bibutswa kandi bakibutswa ibinyoma cyangwa bagahimbirwa ibigomba kwibukwa. Aha twatanga urugero ko ubuhamya butangwa n’abayirokotse basabwa kuvuga amazina y’ababatoteje ariko hagakurwamo ay’ababahishe iyo FPR itabifitemo inyungu. Ni ukuvuga ko FPR yibutsa Abanyarwanda igice kimwe cy’abishwe n’igice kimwe cy’abishe, igice kimwe cy’abarokotse n’igice kimwe cy’abarokoye abandi. Kugeza ubu hari abiswe Abahutu benshi bahishe abiswe Abatutsi batigeze bavugwa ngo babishimirwe kuko FPR ica ruhinganyuma ikigisha abiswe Abatutsi ko abiswe Abahutu bose ari babi!
2. Iyo igihe cyo kwibuka kigeze mu banyarwanda benshi (ari ababa mu Rwanda n’ababa hanze y’u Rwanda) hazamuka ikintu cy’ivangura rishingiye ku byiswe amoko rikabije ku buryo abantu ahubwo ubona bahugiye mu gucanamo kuruta kwibuka ibyago byagwiririye u Rwanda. Nyuma gato ya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, igihe cy’icyunamo wasangaga kirangwa n’icyoba gikabije dore ko hari n’ibice bimwe na bimwe wasangaga abantu banagendana inkoni z’iminyafu bahura na bagenzi babo bakabakubita. Ubundi igihe cyo kwibuka ugasanga kibamo amagambo, ibiganiro n’inyigisho zituma abantu bahahamuka mu gihe abenshi mu banyarwanda baba hanze bo wasangaga baterana amagambo. Ibi byose bikerekana ko Abanyarwanda batarumva ko Jenoside ari ishyano ryagwiriye igihugu atari ishyano ryagwiriye igice kimwe.
Abaryankuna basanga igihe cyo kwibuka kidakwiriye kuba igihe cyo gucanamo ahubwo ari igihe cyo kuzirikana ibibi byabaye ngo bitazongera kuba, kikaba kandi igihe cyo gufasha ababikoze ngo imitima yabo ihinduke, kwiyunga natwe ubwacu no hagati yacu nk’Abanyarwanda nyuma tukiyunga n’Imana nkuko Kizito atahwemye kubishishikariza abantu n’ubwo bavuniye ibiti mu matwi. “Ni igihe cyo gusesengura inyungu rusange hadasesenguwe inyungu z’abantu ku giti cyabo. Si igihe cyo guciraho iteka Abanyarwanda bagize uruhare muri jenoside, ahubwo ni igihe cyo gusubiza amaso inyuma hazirikanwa uko ayo mahano atazongera kuba” -Niyomugabo Nyamihirwa
3. Abaryankuna basanga Abanyarwanda bagomba gutera indi ntambwe mu buryo bibukamo: Mu myaka yashize kwibuka byabaga byibanda ku kwibuka abantu; imiryango, ababyeyi, abana, abari abashakanye n’abandi. Ubu igihugu gifite hejuru ya 60% y’abavutse nyuma y’1994. Bivuze ngo abo nta muntu runaka biboneye n’amaso yabo baba bafite bibuka. Birakwiye ko rero icyunamo cyerekezwa cyane kuri abo. Mu myaka izaza hazabaho ubwo kwibuka bizaba bikorwa n’abantu batari bariho 1994. Ni ugutangira gutekereza uko abo bazajya bibuka n’icyo icyunamo kizaba gisobanuye kuri bo. Abaryankuna basanga ibyo nabyo bigomba kutwereka ko jenoside atari ishyano ryagwiriye igice runaka. “Abanyarwanda babaye muri ayo mateka bagatangira kwibuka bazirikana abatarayabayemo bazakomeza kuzirikana ayo mateka.”
4. Abaryankuna basanga uburyo Abanyarwanda baba hanze y’u Rwanda bibukamo kugeza ubu bwongera icyobo cy’urwango n’inzigo hagati y’Abanyarwanda bibarira mu kiswe ubwoko bw’Abahutu n’abo mu kiswe ubwoko bw’Abatutsi, kuko usanga babikora basa n’abahanganye: Hari ibikorwa n’imihango bitegurwa na za ambasade zihagarariye u Rwanda zifatanyije n’imiryango y’abarokotse jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yemewe n’ubutegetsi bwa Kigali. Ku rundi ruhande usanga hari abandi banyarwanda babarizwa mu mashyaka amwe na mwe atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Kigali afatanyije n’imwe mu miryango nyarwanda iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu cyangwa itegamiye kuri Leta ariko usanga ubutegetsi bwa FPR butemera. Icyo bamwe bita kwibuka ababo baguye muri jenoside abandi bakita gupfobya! Abaryankuna basanga icyumweru cyahariwe kwibuka jenoside, kigomba kuba icyumweru cyo kwibuka abazize jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’abandi bantu bazize amahano atariswe jenoside ariko yahekuye u Rwanda.
5. Abaryankuna basanga FPR-Inkotanyi yaragize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi igikoresho cyo guhoora no kwihoorera, igikoresho cyo gucecekesha abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, igikoresho cyo kuyibyarira inyungu zaba iza politiki ndetse n’izo kuronkeramo amafaranga ndetse n’igikoresho cyo gushyira ipfunwe rizahoraho ku gice kimwe cy’Abanyarwanda. Ibyo byose bikaza umurego mu gihe cyo kwibuka jenoside. Abaryankuna basanga ubutegetsi bwa FPR-Inkotanyi bwarananiwe kunga Abanyarwanda, kandi icyo bakeneye ari ukubana mu mahoro mu gihugu cyabo atari ukugisimburanamo bamwe basoboka abandi binjira, ari nako basimburana ku marimbi. Abaryankuna basanga FPR-Inkotanyi nka kimwe mu bifite uruhare muri aya mahano yabaye mu Rwanda, atariyo yakagombye guhagararira no kuyobora imihango yo kwibuka, ahubwo igomba gukurwaho vuba na bwangu, bikaba intangiriro y’ubwiyunge n’amahoro mu Rwanda.
Umwanzuro ku Kwibuka:
Muri make, Abaryankuna basanga “Kwibuka” ari ibikorwa byose biganisha ku gusubiza amaso inyuma, abantu bakibuka ibyabaye n’ingaruka bifite, ndetse bakanafata umwanya uhagije wo gufata ingamba zo gukumira amahano nk’ayo, n’ingamba zo kwunga byuzuye abarebwa n’ayo ari bo banyarwanda. Iki ni igihe cyo kwibuka abo turi bo, uko twiteye, tugashwana maze tukisenya kandi tukisenyera igihugu, kikaba igihe kandi dusubiza agatima impembero tukiyunga ndetse tugashyiraho ingamba zihamye zo guhuriza imbaraga hamwe mu kubaka igihugu twisenyeye.
Ibikorwa by’ingenzi bigomba gukorwa mu gihe twibuka jenoside ni ibi bikurikira:
- Gusuzumana ubwitonzi inkomoko-muzi y’iki kibazo,
- Gusuzuma inzira yose (imyumvire, amagambo, uburyo n’ibikorwa) byatugejeje kuri jenoside.
- Kwibuka abishwe (abo bari bo, ibikorwa basize…) no guhumuriza abarokotse.
- ● Gutanga ubwisanzure abantu bakavuga ibyababayeho n’ibyo biboneye kandi bahagazeho.
- Umuhango wo guca inzigo wose n’uwo kunamura icumu ikwiriye kugendana na gahunda yo kwibuka hagamijwe kugera ku bwiyunge bw’ubuzuye bw’u Rwanda.
Iyi ni nyandiko igaragaza aho abagize Urugaga Nyarwanda Ruharanira Igihango cy’Igihugu/RANP-Abaryankuna bahagaze ku bijyanye no kwibuka jenoside. Iyi nyandiko yateguwe kandi inonosorwa na:
- Bwana Cassien NTAMUHANGA na Gerald GASHUMBA bo mukanama-nyobozi gakuru k’uru rugaga,
- Bwana MUSEKA Shingiro Umunyamabanga mukuru wa kabiri,
- Madame Nema Ange Umwanditsi mukuru w’Ijisho ry’Abaryankuna akanaba na Komiseri muri Komisiyo y’Ubukungu,
- Dr Umuhoza Mary Komiseri muri Komisiyo y’imibereho rusange,
- Bwana Kayinamura Lambert Komiseri muri Komisiyo y’Ububanyi n’amahanga
- Bwana Kayumba James, Komiseri muri Komisiyo yo Guca inzigo no kunamura icumu.