Yanditswe na Umurungi Jeanne Gentille
Ku gicamunsi cyo kuri uyu wa Kabiri, tariki ya 14 Werurwe 2023, inkuru y’inshamugongo yatunguye benshi cyane, ndetse ikimara gusohoka abantu batandukanye batangira gucika ururondogoro, bumvise ko nta nyama zizongera gucuruzwa zabazwe uwo munsi, ahubwo zizajya zibanza gukonjeshwa mu gihe kingana n’amasaha 24, abenshi rero bakibaza uko bazabika izo nyama mu gihe umuriro w’amashanyarazi wifashishwa mu gukonjesha ugeze gusa kuri 37.2% ukwirakwizwa mu gihugu (national grid).
Bamwe mu bakunda inyama ariko cyane cyane abazicuruza hirya no hino mu gihugu batunguwe n’iki cyemezo ndetse bemeza ko kitabanje kwigwaho, bagasanga gifite ikindi kigamije kitari ubuzima bw’abaturage, ahubwo kigamije kubakenesha kuko ahenshi hari amabagiro hataragera umuriro kandi ibikoresho byo kubika inyama nka frigo n’ibyumba bikonjesha (chambres froides) bitaragera henshi mu gihugu, bagasanga rero bamwe bagiye gufungirwa, aho ibyo bikoresho biri inyama zihende cyane, kuzigondera bigore benshi mu baturage.
Ni nyuma y’icyemezo cyafashwe n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubugenzuzi bw’Ubuziranenge, Ihiganwa mu Bucuruzi no Kurengera Umuguzi (RICA). Iki kigo kivuga ko inyama zikibagwa ziba zirimo umusemburo urekurwa n’itungo ryirwanaho mu gihe ririmo kubagwa uba ushobora gutera indwara, zirimo na cancer, bityo bikaba bisaba ko inyama zikibagwa zibanza kubikwa mu bukonje zigatangira gucuruzwa nyuma y’amasaha 24.
Bamwe mu bakunzi b’inyama ndetse n’abacuruzi bazo, bavuga ko batishimiye iki cyemezo dore ko abenshi bakunda kurya inyama zabazwe uwo munsi. Umwe mu bacuruzi yagize ati: «Abaguzi rero bikundira izibagiweho, nk’abantu icumi twakira, umunani baba bashaka izibagiweho.» Uyu mucuruzi avuga ko bizagora abaguzi b’inyama kwirengera ingaruka zizaturuka kuri iki cyemezo, harimo n’izamuka ry’igiciro cyazo.
Umwe mu baturage yagize ati: «Nkurikije n’indwara ziriho muri iyi minsi inyama nziza ni izibagiweho, inyama zagiye muri frigo ryari koko!» Undi muturage yavuze ko inyama ikibagwa iba ifite icyanga kurusha iyashyizwe muri frigo. Ati: «Inyama y’uwo munsi iba ifite icyanga, iyaraye muri frigo nta cyanga pe, gusa tuzasobanukirwa icyo Leta yabikoreye, kuko zizahita zihenda bikabije.»
Umukozi ushinzwe ubugenzuzi bw’ibikomoka ku matungo muri RICA, Nyirazikwiye Euphrasie avuga ko iki cyemezo cyafashwe mu rwego rwo kurengera ubuzima bw’abaturarwanda kuko inyama zabazwe zigahita zitekwa zitamaze amasaha 24 muri frigo ziba zishobora gutera uburwayi. Ati: «Ni ukugira ngo imisemburo umubiri w’inka, ihene, ingurube cyangwa irindi tungo warekuye wirwanaho mu gihe cyo kubagwa ibanze ivemo kuko uriya musemburo utera uburwayi.»
RICA yavuze ko iki cyemezo gihita gitangira gukurikizwa kuri uyu wa Kabiri, tariki ya 14 Werurwe 2023, bivuze ko cyahise kigira ingaruka ku bacuruzi b’inyama bari bamaze kuzibaga bazi ko zihita zigurwa, batungurwa no kubona abashinzwe umutekano babituye hejuru babasaba kuzipakira zikajya kwangizwa, kuko izagombaga gucuruzwa uyu munsi ari izabazwe ku wa Mbere, tariki ya 13/03/2023 zigashyirwa muri frigo cyangwa muri chambre froide. Birumvikana rero ko umucuruzi utari ufite ibikoresho yahise agwa mu gihombo, ku buryo hari n’abarwaye ihahamuka, babonye inyama bacuruzaga zipakiwe kandi barazifashe ku nguzanyo.
Umuganga w’amatungo, Mbabazi Olivier, aganira na RBA, yasobanuye ko inyama zikimara kubagwa zigahita zijya ku isoko ziba zishobora gutera indwara, kuko hari utunyangingo (Cellules) tuba tukiri tuzima. Abahanga bahise bamwaganira kure bavuga ko ibyo bireba abantu barya inyama mbisi, naho ngo izitetse zigashya neza nta kibazo zatera, ahubwo bagasaba ko iki cyemezo kigomba guhita gisubirwamo.
Abacuruzi b’inyama baganiriye na Kigali Today, bavuze ko byatangiye kubatera igihombo kuko abatari bafite ibikoresho byabugenewe bambuwe inyama bari babaze, banemeza ko bizakomeza kubateza igihombo, bitewe n’uko hari abakiriya bagura inyama ari uko zibagiweho, cyangwa zitagiye muri frigo, naho izakonjeshejwe bakazifata nk’imiranzi cyangwa se izashaje, bakazigura birozonga none zigiye kugerekaho no guhenda.
Umwe mu bacuruza inyama ku isoko rya Nyabugogo yagize ati: «Ikinyuranyo kirahari, kuko abakiliya bazaga batubaza inyama zije ako kanya. None ubu ngubu bazaza bagure inyama zaraye, z’imiranzi, ntabwo bazabyishimira, ntibishimira kuba wabaha inyama yaraye, ubwo natwe bizaduteza ikibazo hagati yacu nabo, binaduteze igihombo.» Yongeyeho ko iki cyemezo kizagira ingaruka ahataragera umuriro w’amashanyarazi, kuko byanze bikunze amabagiro menshi azahita afungwa.
Abandi basesenguzi bavuze ko iki cyemezo kizamera nka “One Laptop Per Child” (OLPC) zaguzwe, zigakwirakwizwa mu bigo by’amashuri, nyamara nta muriro uhari, zikaguma mu makarito, dore ko zari zifite n’ikorabuhanga ryashaje, none ubu zipakiye mu bikarito, nyamara zatanzweho amafaranga avuye mu misoro y’abaturage, bagasanga rero iki nacyo kije gushakira isoko frigo n’imodoka za FPR, nta kindi kizungura.
Umukozi ushinzwe kwandika no gutanga impushya ku bikorwa by’ubucuruzi bigengwa na RICA, Gaspard Simbarikure, yavuze ko iki cyemezo cyafashwe mu rwego rwo guhashya indwara y’ubuganga yibasiye amatungo no kugira ngo abaturage bakomeze guhabwa inyama zujuje ubuziranenge.
Gusa Simbarikure yemeje ko ku kilo cy’inyama zakonjeshejwe haziyongeraho amafaranga y’u Rwanda 500 ku kiranguzo, bityo akaba asanga atari menshi ku buryo zitazabura ku isoko. Gusa abajijwe aho frigo zizaturuka yavuze ko bazakorana n’izindi nzego hagashakwa izikenewe, abajijwe aho umuriro w’amashanyarazi uzava, cyane cyane mu cyaro, ahitamo kuruca ararumira na telefoni ngendanwa ayita ayikuraho.
Ibi rero nibyo byatumye abantu batandukanye bibaza ibibazo byinshi, bamwe bemeza ko iki cyemezo kigamije gukenesha abacuruzi bafunguye amabagiro mu byaro batse inguzanyo, bakaba nta kindi kigiye gukurikiraho, uretse guterezwa cyamunara imitungo kugira ngo hishyurwe amabanki akorera mu kwaha kwa FPR.
Abaturage batandukanye batangarije Igihe.com ko iki cyemezo kizangiza byinshi kurusha ibyo kizakemura, banagaragaza impungenge z’uko inyama zizabura ku isoko kuko amabagiro menshi agiye gufungwa azira ibikoresho bikonjesha bikiri bike cyane mu gihugu, bikaba biboneka mu miji gusa.
Umwe mu baturage witwa Nayigiziki Célestin yagize ati: «Urumva ko iki cyemezo gihutiweho bikazatera ikibazo cy’uko inyama zigiye guhenda tukazibura zikajya ziribwa gusa n’abaherwe; ikindi nkanjye rwose sinkubeshye sinkunda inyama zaraye n’iyo ngiye kuzigura nzikoraho nkabanza nkumva niba zikonje, iyo zaraye ndazireka, nkajya kugura izabazwe uwo munsi.»
Abacuruza inyama bavuga ko bahangayikishijwe cyane n’uko iyo bagiye kurangura inyama zakonjeshejwe bahendwa kuko ku kilo kimwe hiyongeraho amafaranga y’u Rwanda 500, bigatuma nabo bahenda abaguzi, batanakunda inyama zabaye imiranzi. Bakaba rero biteguye ibihombo no kunanirwa kwishyura amabanki bakazaterezwa cyamunara, kuko abenshi bakodesha amabagiro ya Leta, bakishyura mbere amezi atatu y’ubukode, bagacuruza bishyura inguzanyo, abananiwe kwishyura banki bagaterezwa cyamunara.
Ucuruza inyama witwa Gasore Jean Bosco yagize ati: «Natwe inyama zaraye muri frigo ntacyo zadutwara, niba bibaye itegeko; ariko kubera ububiko bw’inyama ari bukeya, n’ubuhari bukaba bushobora kubika gusa inyama nkeya, tujya kuzirangura tugasanga ku kilo bongeyeho amafaranga y’u Rwanda 500, ugasanga ni imbogamizi kuri twe no ku baguzi batugana.»
Yakomeje avuga ko RICA yari gufata iki cyemezo imaze kubona ko hari ububiko bukonjesha inyama buhagije cyane cyane ko abacuruza inyama muri Kigali baba bakeneye inka ziri hagati ya 300 na 400 mu gihe ububiko buhari bufite ubushobozi bwo kubika izigera ku 120 gusa. Agasanga rero hari gutangwa igihe byibuza kingana n’umwaka umwe, kugira ngo abacuruzi babanze bitegure ibikoresho, ndetse n’abaguzi babanze bamenyere. Ibi rero RICA ntibikozwa kuko icyo ireba ni ugushyira mu bikorwa gahunda za FPR zo gukenesha abaturage. Iki kigo kivuga ko inyama zitazabura kandi ko izikonjeshe zikamara amasaha 24 zirinda indwara, akaba ari nazo ziryoha, ku buryo uzazirya atazongera gutekereza izibagiweho, zitarakamuka ngo amaraso azishiremo.
RICA ivuga kandi ko amabagiro yo mu Mujyi wa Kigali yasabwe kwitegura bihagije, ariko ntacyo ivuga ku mabagiro yo mu cyaro, aho batagira umuriro n’ibikoresho bikonjesha. Aba, byanze bikunze bazafungirwa amabagiro, abifite bagure izihenze zazanywe n’imodoka, dore ko RICA ivuga ko mu gihugu hose hamaze kwandikwa no guhabwa ibyangombwa imodoka 54 zikonjesha, zizajya zikwirakwiza inyama ku masoko.
RICA na none ivuga ko iki cyemezo yagifashe kuko kiri mu nshingano zayo kuko isanzwe ifite amabwiriza n’amategeko agenga ubucuruzi bw’inyama, kandi ko uretse amabwiriza ngengamikorere yashyizweho guhera muri Gicurasi 2022, hari hasanzwe Iteka rya Minisitiri ryo mu 2010, byose bivuga ko inyama zigomba gucuruzwa zikonjeshejwe. RICA kandi ivuga ko ari wo murongo watanzwe na FAO.
Ibi rero ni inkuru mbi ku Banyarwanda batandukanye, kuko n’ubwo badahakana ko kubika inyama mu byuma bikonjesha ari byiza, binazongerera ubuziranenge, ariko abenshi bavuga ko iki cyemezo kije imburagihe, kikaba kigiye no kubateza igihombo, kizabakururira akaga karimo no guterezwa cyamunara imitungo yabo.
Umuhanga mu buzima akaba n’impuguke mu nyongeramirire, Dr. Bihira Canisius, unafite ivuriro ryitwa Clinique St Pierre Canisius rikorera mu Mujyi wa Kigali, yabwiye RADIOTV10 ko iki cyemezo ari cyiza ariko ntacyo kimariye abaturage kuko kije imburagihe kandi kitari gikenewe, ahubwo kizakenesha abaturage.
Dr. Bihira yagize iti: «Buri munsi dutanga inyunganiramirire ku batugana, ariko nta na rimwe tujya tubabwira kurya inyama zimaze amasaha 24 muri frigo, ahubwo tubasaba kuziteka neza zigashya kuko ibirimo byatera indwara, bizitera kuko izo nyama ziba zitahiye neza.»
Yongeyeho ko Leta yari ikwiye kubanza ikareba inyungu zizava mu gukonjesha inyama, ndetse n’igihombo kizaturuka ku mabagiro azafungwa, no ku giciro cy’inyama kizazamuka cyane kuko zizaba nke, atari uko amatungo yo kubagwa yabuze, ahubwo kuko ibikoresho byo gukonjesha inyama bidahagije.
Twe rero mu busesenguzi bwacu dusanga iki cyemezo kiri mu mugambi usanzwe wa FPR wo gukenesha abaturage, kuko amabagiro menshi atujuje ibyangombwa, mu byaro ahatari umuriro n’ibikoresho bikonjesha, azafungwa, noneho hasigare hacuruza bake cyane, bakorera mu kwaha kw’agatsiko kari ku butegetsi gusa.
Ikindi ni uko amabagiro azasigara azagaburira inyama igihugu cyose hifashishijwe imodoka 54 za FPR zamaze kwandikwa no guhabwa ibyangombwa na RICA, bitume inyama zigera ku masoko atandukanye, hirya no hino mu gihugu, zihenze cyane, ku buryo zizaba zigura umugabo zigasiba undi. Bivuze ko wa muturage wo hasi wari ufite abana bagwingiye noneho bigiye guhumira ku mirari, kuko kwigondera ibikomoka ku matungo bizaba ingume, uburwayi bukomoka ku mirire mibi nka bwaki bwiyongere, ndetse bwikube kenshi cyane.
Turagaya iyi mitekerereze ya RICA na FPR kuko, aho gutungurana n’ibyemezo bidafite byinshi bikiza, yari ikwiye gukaza ubukangurambaga bwo guteka inyama zigashya, nk’uko abahanga mu mirire babivuga. Twibaza kandi uburyo RICA izana ibyemezo bikenesha abacuruzi n’abaguzi nyamara mu nshingano zayo ivuga ko irengera umuguzi, aha rero hibazwa impamvu RICA itabanje gukora ubushakashatsi ngo ishakishe ingingo zirengera umuguzi, aho kumushyira ku musonga no kumuburabuza, yabuze epfo na ruguru.
Turasaba FPR gusubiramo iki cyemezo kikajyana n’imiterere y’igihugu kuko niba aya mabwiriza akora mu mujyi wa Kigali, bagataka kuko ibikorwa remezo bihari bishobora gukonjesha 1/3 cy’inyama zikenewe ku isoko, atakora mu byaro bya Buzinganjwiri na Rwanzekuma, aho umuriro bakiwumva mu nzozi, hakaba hari n’abaturage batarabona n’amaso yabo frigo n’ibyo byumba bikonjesha. Kuri bo inyama zigiye kuba umugani !
Umurungi Jeanne Gentille