Nyuma y’uko ba Perezida Museveni na Habyarimana batumirijwe na Ali Hassan Mwinyi, wari Perezida wa Leta yunze Ubumwe wa Tanzania, ku wa 17/02/1991, bakumvikana ko hagiye kuba ibiganiro bigamije guhagarika intambara, intumwa zitandukanye zatangiye koherezwa mu mishyikirano, itangirira mu cyahoze ari Zaïre, nyuma u Bufaransa busaba ko ibi biganiro byimurirwa mu Burayi, ariko FPR irabyanga, ahubwo byimurirwa muri Tanzania nk’umuhuza, bihagarikirwa n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Afurika (OUA).
Imwe mu ntumwa zatangiye ibi biganiro zianabirangiza ni Pasteur Bizimungu. Ku matariki ya 14- 15/01/1992, Bizimungu yayoboye intumwa za FPR zahuriye n’iz’u Rwanda i Paris, mu Bufaransa, zari zirimo Frank Mugambage, B. Mukama na Jaques Bihozagara, zihura n’iza Guverinoma y’u Rwanda zari ziyobowe na Amb. Kanyarushoki Claver, zirimo Amb. JMV Ndagijimana, w’u Rwanda mu Bufaransa, Col. Marcel Gatsinzi na Jean Bosco Barayagwiza, u Bufaransa bugerageza guhatira impande zombi guhagarika intambara. Ibi biganiro byakurikiwe n’itangazo rya FPR ryamagana kubugoma k’u Bufaransa.
Ku matariki ya 6-8/6/1992, intumwa z’u Rwanda ziyobowe na Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Boniface Ngulinzira, zayuye n’iza FPR zari ziyobowe na Pasteur Bizimungu, bumvikana ko ibiganiro bizakomereza i Arusha, ku wa 10/07/1992, ariko bahageze Ngulinzira akoresha imvugo ikakaye, yerekana ko intambara itari ngombwa, ahubwo hakwiye ibiganiro bigamije kugarura amahoro.
Nyuma y’uko, ku matariki ya 10-12/07/1992, hashyizweho Komisiyo ihuje igisirikare na politiki ku mpande zombi (Commission Politico-Militaire Mixte-CPMM), intumwa za Guverinoma y’u Rwanda ziyobowe na Amb. Kanyarushoki Claver n’iza FPR ziyobowe na Tito Rutaremara, i Addis Abeba muri Ethiopia, zasohoye raporo y’inama ya mbere ya CPMM, yateranye ku matariki ya 26-30/07/1992.
Mu biganiro by’iyi nama, intumwa iyoboye izindi ku ruhande rwa FPR, Tito Rutaremara, yasabye ko intumwa y’u Rwanda iyobora ibiganiro, biremerwa, maze mu biganiro byayobowe na Amb. Romuald Mugema, hashyirwa umutwe w’ingabo zidafite aho zibogamiye (GOMN). Hemejwe ko ibyavuye muri iyi nama bizongera kuganirwaho i Arusha guhera ku wa 22/10/1992.
Iki gihe cyarageze, intumwa z’u Rwanda ziyobowe na Amb. Kanyarushoki Claver zirimo Matovu Paul, Col. Gasake Athanase na Paul Mbonigaba, zihurira n’iza FPR, ziyobowe na Tito Rutaremara, zirimo Théogène Rudasingwa, Stanislas Biseruka, Michel Nkurunziza na Andrew Rwigamba zihurira i Arusha, ku matariki ya 22-24/10/1992, ariko ibyakorwa byose ngo intambara ihagarare biba imfabusa, ikomeza guca ibintu. Nyamara intumwa z’u Rwanda zari zagiye zifite icyizere ko FPR izacisha make, kuko ku wa 08/08/1992 hari hasinywe amasezerano y’ubufatanye mu by’umutekano hagati y’u Rwanda na Uganda, intumwa zigararariye ibihugu byombi, Faustin Munyazesa, wari Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu n’Amajyambere ya Komini, ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda na Paul .K. Ssemogerere, wari Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’amahanga wa Uganda. Icyizere cyakomeje kuraza amasinde.
Hagati aho intumwa mu biganiro bya politiki nazo ntizari zicaye kuko iz’u Rwanda ziyobowe na Minisitiri Ngulinzira n’iza FPR ziyobowe na Bizimungu, zahuriye i Arusha ku matariki ya 07-18/09/1992, ndetse n’ibiganiro muri CPMM bikomereza i Addis Abeba, ku wa 26-29-09/1992, hagati y’intuma ziyobowe na Amb. Kanyarushoki Claver ku ruhande rwa Guverinoma y’u Rwanda na Tito Rutaremara ku ruhande rwa FPR.
By’umwihariko muri iyi nama ya CPPM, hasuzumwe ubusabe bwa FPR aho yari yasabye ubufasha bw’amafaranga n’ibikoresho kugira ngo intumwa zayo zibashe kwitabira ibiganiro ; iyi nama kandi yemeza imirongo ngenderwaho (Termes de référence) ya GOMN n’amategeko ngengamikorere (ROI) ya CPMM.
Intumwa za FPR zararishinze zirarahira zivuga zidashobora gukomeza ibiganiro mu gihe mu Rwanda bagihonyora uburenganzira bwa Muntu, hakiri propaganda ikorwa n’ibinyamakuru bya ORINFOR, cyane cyane Radio Rwanda, imfungwa za FPR zitarekurwa, ingabo z’amahanga, cyane cyane iz’ Abafaransa zitava mu Rwanda, n’ibindi. Ibi rero byabaga bishyamiranyije bikomeye Amb. Kanyarushoki na Tito Rutaremara.
Ku rundi ruhande, intumwa z’u Rwanda ziyobowe na Boniface Ngurinzira n’iza FPR ziyobowe na Pasteur Bizimungu zari Arusha, ku matariki ya 05-30/10/1992, birangira zumvikanye ku igabana ry’ubutegetsi no gushyirahpo Guverinoma y’Inzibacyuho Yaguye (Gouvernement de Transition à Base Elargie-GTBE), ariko ibiganiro byari bigeze aheza byaje gukomwa mu nkokora n’ijambo Perezida Habyarimana yavugiye muti meeting ya MRND yabereye mu Ruhengeri ku wa 15/11/1992.
Kuri iyi nshuro, Minisitiri w’Intebe, Dr. Nsengiyaremye Dismas yanze kuripfana maze, yandikira ibaruwa y’akaminuramuhini Perezida Habyarimana. Ni ibaruwa No 718/02.00 yo ku wa 17/11/1992. Muri iyi baruwa Dr. Nsengiyaremye yakuriye agahu ku nnyo Perezida Habyarimana, amugaragariza ko ibyo yatangarije muri meeting ya MRND, yabereye mu ruhengeri, ku wa 15/11/1992, byakiriwe nabi cyane.
Muri iyi baruwa, Dr. Nsengiyaremye yibukije Perezida Habyarimana ko ibyo yavuze ku Masezerano y’Arusha, ayita ibipapuro, ndetse n’ibyo yavuze ku nzego z’umutekano, azita abajura b’inka bigayitse. Yagize ati : « Bwana Perezida, aho wavuze ngo ‘Ntagende afindandafinda ibintu ngo yazanye urupapuro ngo ubwo nzanye amahoro. Amahoro se ni urupapuro ?’, urumva biguhesha ishema ? »
Dr. Nsengiyaremye yarakomeje ati : « Bwana Perezida, ibyo wavuze ku giti cyawe, ntabwo wabitumwe n’Abanyarwanda, kandi biragagaza ko ufite indimi ebyiri. » muri iyi baruwa, yuje uburakari, Dr. Nsengiyaremye yaranditse ati : « Toutefois, si d’aventure il s’agit d’une dénonciation des Accords, alors il faudra que Vous preniez Vos responsabilités devant le peuple rwandais et devant l’histoire et assumez, Seul, les conséquences désastreuses de cette position. »
Dr. Nsengiyaremye yakomeje ibaruwa agira ati : « Bwana Perezida, uvuga ko ushaka amahoro, kandi watanga ikiguzi icyo ari cyo cyose, ariko Amasezerano y’Arusha yamaze kurenga ikiguzi wowe watekereza. » Yingeyeho kandi ko amugaya kuko yise abashinjwe umutekano abajura b’inka.
Dr. Nsengiyaremye yibukije Perezida Habyarimana ko mu ikinamico yo kurasa i Kigali mu ijoro ryo ku wa 04 rishyira uwa 05/10/1990, hafunzwe inzirakarengane zigeze ku 8,000; amwibutsa ko ubwicanyi bwakozwe muri Kibilira, Bugesera na Kibuye Leta ye yafunze amaso, ko abagerageje génocide ku Bagogwe bo ku Gisenyi na Ruhengeri, ndetse n’abafungiwe mu kigo cya gisirikare mu kigo cya Kanombe mu buryo budasobanutse, mu ijoro ryo ku wa 21-22/10/1992.
Dr. Nsengiyaremye yibukije Perezida Habyarimana ko inzego z’umutekano zubakiye ku muntu umwe kandi bigomba guhinduka, ndetse ko hatakwizerwa amahoro igihe Interahamwe za MRND zarakwirakwijwe ahantu hose ; anamwibutsa ko kwigamba mu ruhame ko yahonyoye amategeko bibabaje, aboneraho kumubwira ko kwiyamamariza amatora bitaratangira, ndetse amwereka ko ko kuba Interahamwe, nk’urubyiruko rw’ishyaka zarahawe imbunda binyuranyije n’amategeko.
Yashoje ibaruwa ye amusaba kuba umugabo akavuguruza ibyo yavugiye mu Ruhengeri kugira ngo avaneho urujijo, yisanishe na porogaramu ya guverinoma ndetse anubahirize amategeko ariho mu Rwanda, aramushimira. Ibikubiye muri iyi baruwa byamenyeshejwe Perezida w’Inama y’Igihugu iharanira Amajyambere (CND), abaminisitiri bose n’abakuru b’amashyaka bose.
Ni ubwo FPR yari yarababajwe no kuba Perezida Habyarimana yarise amasezerano ibipapuro, ibaruwa ya Minisitiri w’Intebe ibyamagana yabashubijemo imbaraga, ibiganiro birakomeza nde ku matariki ya 24/11- 09/01/1993, Boniface Ngulinzira n’intumwa yari ayoboye bongera guhurira i Arusha na Pasteur Bizimungu, n’intumwa yari ayoboye, baganira ku gushyiraho Guverinoma y’Inzibacyuho Yaguye (GTBE), banemeza imyanya yagenewe amashyaka ndetse no bumvikana ku bazaba bagize Inteko ishinga Amategeko y’Inzibacyuho (ANT). Nyuma gato, urugendo rw’Intumwa Boniface Ngulinzira rwashyizweho umusozo imburagihe, bitungura bensho ariko umwuka wari mu butegetsi bwa Perezida Habyarimana wacaga amarenga.
Kuri iyi nshuro intumwa zari zimaze gukora akazi gakomeye, ku buryo noneho ku ma tariki ya 5-7/03/1993, i Dar-es-Salam, habaye ibiganiro byo hejuru (Haut niveau) hagati y’intumwa zari ziyobowe na Minisitiri w’Intebe w’u Rwanda, Dr. Nsengiyaremye Dismas n’iza FPR zari ziyobowe na Col. Alexis Kanyarengwe.
Iyi nama yari gushimangira amasezerano yo guhagarika intambara (Cessez-le-feu) no gushyiraho umwuka mwiza wo gukomeza urugendo rw’amahoro biciye mu mishyikirano yari imaze kugera kuri byinshi. Muri iyi nama kandi hafashwe imyanzuro itanu (5) irimo ibiri ya mbere ivuga ko ingabo z’Abafaransa zari mu Rwanda kuva ku wa 8/2/1993 zigomba kuva mu Rwanda nyuma y’icyumweru kimwe, uhereye ku wa 17/03/1993, hagasigara kompanyi ebyiri gusa, nazo zagombaga kugenda igihe hazaba haje ingabo za ONU.
Intumwa ziyobowe na Ndasingwa Landouald, wari Minisitiri w’Abakozi ba Leta n’Imibereho myiza y’Abaturage zongeye guhurira n’iza FPR zakomeje kuyoborwa na Pasteur Bizimungu, zahuriye i Arusha, ku matariki ya 2-6/6/1993, ziganira ku itahuka n’ituzwa ry’abavanywe mu byabo n’intambara ndetse no ku miyoborere y’agace katarangwamo ibikorwa by’intambara.
Ibi biganiro byakurikiwe n’amasezerano ya Kinihira yari agamije gushyira mu bikorwa igikorwa cyo gucyura abavanywe mu byabo n’intambara mu gace katarangwamo ibikorwa bya gisirikare, ku nzego za Cellule, Secteur, Commune na Sou-Préfecture, ariko ntibyaje kurangira neza ku ruhande rwa FPR yatsinzwe amatora.
Intumwa z’u Rwanda zari ziyobowe na Col. Ndindiriyimana wari Chef d’État-Major ya Gendarmerie, ahagarariye Dr. James Gasana, wari Minisitiri w’Ingabo. Izi ntumwa zarimo Niragire Jean, Munyemana Justin, Col. Nshizirungu Anselme, Ruhamya Vincent, Amb. Ubalijoro Bonaventure, Nyirinkwaya Stanislas, Kanyarubira Laurent, Ubonabenshi Odette, Col. Nsengiyumva Anatole, Col. Rwabalinda Ephrem, Col. Ndengeyinka Balthazar, Maj. Hategekimana Venant na Habiyakare Ildephonse.
Ku ruhande rwa FPR, Intumwa zari ziyobowe na Tito Rutaremara zarimo Cmdt Samuel Kaka, Cmdt Kayumba Nyamwasa, Maj. Lizinde Théoneste, Christine Umutoni, Cmdt Wilson Rutayisire, Cmdt Frank Mugambage, Cmdt Charles Kayonga, Cmdt Geoffrey Byegeka, Cmdt François Rwagasana na Cmdt Gérard Butera.
Aya masezerano ya Kinihira yari ayobowe na Gen. Maj. Ekundayo Opaleye, wayoboraga GOMN, anahagarariye OUA ; naho Umuhuza yari ahagarariwe na Dorah N.J. Mbezi wari Ambasaderi wa Tanzania mu Rwanda.
Kuri iyi nshuro imishyikiranoyari igeze ku ndunduro, hategerejwe ijoro rikomeye muri aya masezerano. Ni ijoro ryo ku wa 03/08/1993, ubwo intumwa za Guverinoma y’u Rwanda zari ziyobowe na Dr. Anastase Gasana, wari Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga n’Ubutwererane n’iza FPR zari ziyobowe na Pasteur Bizimungu, zahuriye i Arusha ziganira ku nzego z’umutekano zirimo Polisi n’abarinzi ba gereza, inzego z’iperereza zari mu biganza bya Minisitiri w’intebe (MDR), ariko FPR ikemererwa kuzigiramo uruhare ; kurahira kwa Perezida wa Repubulika, abaminisitiri, abanyamabanga ba Leta, abadepite, ndetse na Perezida na ba Visi-Perezida b’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga.
Muri ibi biganiro byaganishaga ku ndunduro y’imishyikirano humvikanywe ko amoko agomba kuvanwa mu byangombwa, baganira ku gihe inzibacyuho izamara n’ibindi. Mu biganiro byose umuhuza, Ali Hassan Mwinyi yabaga ahagarariwe ; kuri iyi nshuro yari ahagarariwe na Joseph Rwegasira, wari Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga wa Tanzania, ndetse OUA ihagarariwe na Dr. M.T. Mapuraparanga.
Ibi biganiro byashegeshe bikomeye ubutegetsi bwa MRND kuko inzego z’iperereza zari zeguriwe MDR na FPR, kuko inzego za gisirikare zabarizwaga muri MINADEF, naho iperereza ry’imbere mu gihugu n’urwego rushinzwe abinjira n’abasohoka zabarizwaga muri MININTER ya FPR, ibikorwa byose bigahuzwa na Minisitiri w’Intebe wa MDR.
Kuri uwo munsi kandi hasinywe igice cy’amasezerano cyerekeranye no kuvanga ingabo ku mpande zombi, hemezwa ko umubare wazo utagomba kurenga 13, 000, zigizwe n’abofisiye bangana na 6% (Guhera kuri S/Lt kugeza kuri General), abasuzofisiye 22% n’abasirikare basanzwe (hommes de troupe) 72%. Bivuze ko hari benshi mu ba ofisiye ku mpande zombi bari bagiye gutakaza imirimo kuko batibonaga bisanze muri 6%.
Ikindi gice kibandaga kuri misiyo y’igisirikare n’ibindi bijyanye nacyo birimo imiyoborere, imikorere, inshingano, uko inama zikorwa, uko ibyemezo bifatwa, imyifatire n’imyitwarire y’abasirikare, amategeko ngengamikorere, amapeti n’uko abasirikare bazamurwa mu ntera, uko bimurirwa gukorera ahandi, ibihano bihabwa baitwaye nabi, ikiruhuko cy’izabukuru, n’ibindi.
Iki gice rero cyasinywe n’intumwa ku mpande zombi, Dr. Anastase Gasana na Pasteur Bizimungu, nicyo cyashoje Amasezerano y’Amahoro y’Arusha, maze bukeye ku wa 04/08/1993, ashirwaho imikono na Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana ku ruhande rumwe na Col. Alexis Kanyarengwe ku rundi ruhande.
Ntibyarangiriye aho kuko nyuma y’icyumweru kimwe, ku wa 11/08/1993, uwai Ambasaderi w’u Rwanda mu Bufaransa, JMV Ndagijimana, yandikiye Rochereau de la Sabrière, wari Umuyobozi w’Ishami rishinzwe ibibazo by’Afurika na Madagascar (DAM) muri Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga y’u Bufaransa, amushimira uruhare iyi ministeri by’umwihariko n’igihugu cye muri rusange, bagize muri aya masezerano.
Yaboneyeho kumugezaho imyanzuro y’Inama y’Abakuru b’Ibihugu byo mu karere u Rwanda rurimo kuri aya masezerano, ndetse amugezaho inyandiko yose ikubiyemo Amasezerano y’Amahoro y’Arusha, yasinywe ku wa 04/08/1993, hagati ya Guverinoma y’u Rwanda na FPR-Inkotanyi.
Nyuma y’isinywa ry’aya masezerano, abakurikiraniraga hafi ibyaberaga mu Rwanda babonaga ko adashobora gushyirwa mu bikorwa mbere y’imyaka 200, kuko byasabaga ko abari mu butegetsi batinyaga gutakaza imyanya, ndetse n’abasikare bakuru, abofisiye bumvaga batazibona muri 6% byagombaga kuba bigize 13,000 by’Ingabo z’u Rwanda byari byemejwe n’aya masezerano. Byasabaga ko abagize uruhare muri iyi ntambara ndetse n’abari mu butegetsi babanza gupfa, kugira ngo abuzukuruza babo bazubake igisirikare gishya hashingiwe kuri aya masezerano.
Umuti washobokaga wari kuvugutirwa iki kibazo wari kuba gusesa igisirikare cyose hakazanwa abanyamahanga, ariko nawo warashariraga kuko gufata abasirikare barenga 40,000 barwanye iyi ntambara kongeraho imitwe ishingiye ku mashyaka yatojwe kurasa, itari gusubizwa mu buzima busanzwe, mu buryo bworoshye. Kuri ibi hakiyongeraho amashyaka menshi yari yariciyemo ibice, hakabonekamo Power n’Amajyojyi, guhurira mu nzego za Leta byari kugorana cyane, hakaza n’imitwe y’abaturage yari ishyushye.
Igiteranyo cy’ibi byose cyatumye aya masezerano adashyirwa mu bikorwa, ku wa 05/01/1993, Perezida Habyarimana arahira wenyine, ariko hashira amezi umunani (8) yose gushyiraho guverinoma y’inzibacyuho yaguye (GTBE), n’Inteko ishinga Amategeko y’inzibacyuho (ANT) byarananiranye, kugera aho yaburijwemo ku wa Gatatu, 06/04/1996, ubwo indege yari itwaye ba Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana w’u Rwanda na Cyprien Ntaryamira w’u Burundi, yahanurwaga, ahagana saa mbiri n’igice (20h30), igakurikirwa na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, yahitanye abarenga 1,000,000 mu minsi ijana gusa.
Aya masezerano yongeye gutekerezwaho ku wa 19/07/1994, FPR yaramaze gufata ubutegetsi, mu gushyiraho Guverinoma y’ubumwe, yanga kwiharira ahubwo igenera imyanya andi mashyaka atarijanditse muri Jenoside. Byabaye ikimenyetso cyiza ku ruhande rumwe kuko FPR itashatse kwiharira ubutegetsi, ariko ku rundi ruhande cyabaye kibi kuko ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Habyarimana bwajyanye n’ishyaka rye n’abari mu kazu ke bose, byibutsa ibyabaye mu 1973, ubwo Perezida Kayibanda yajyanaga na MDR ye.